bash：从查找中过滤掉目录和扩展名？
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bash: Filtering out directories and extensions from find?
提问by meder omuraliev
I'm trying to find files modified recently with this
我正在尝试查找最近用此修改的文件
find . -mtime 0
Which gives me
这给了我
en/content/file.xml
es/file.php
en/file.php.swp
css/main.css
js/main.js
But I'd like to filter out the enand esdirectories but would like to grab anything else. In addition, I'd like to filter out .swpfiles from the results of those.
但我想过滤掉en和es目录，但想抓住其他任何东西。另外，我想.swp从这些结果中过滤掉文件。
So I want to get back:
所以我想回来：
css/main.css
js/main.js
xml/foo.xml
In addition to every other file not within es/enand not ending in .swp
除了所有其他文件不在es/en其中且不以.swp
回答by mvds
properly, just in find:
正确地，只是在找到：
find -mtime 0 -not \( -name '*.swp' -o -path './es*' -o -path './en*' \)
回答by Chen Levy
The -prunecommand prevents find form descending down the directories you wish to avoid:
该-prune命令可防止 find 表单从您希望避免的目录下降：
find . \( -name en -o -name es \) -prune , -mtime 0 ! -name "*.swp"
回答by speshak
find . -mtime 0 | grep -v '^en' | grep -v '^es' | grep -v .swp
The -v flag for grep makes it return all lines that don'tmatch the pattern.
grep 的 -v 标志使其返回所有与模式不匹配的行。
回答by mmonem
Try this:
尝试这个：
find . -mtime 0 | grep -v '^en' | grep -v '^es'
Adding the capcharacter at the beginning of the pattern given to grep ensures that it is a must to find the pattern at the start of the line.
在提供给 grep 的模式的开头添加大写字符确保必须在行的开头找到模式。
Update:Following Chen Levy'scomment(s), use the following instead of the above
更新：按照Chen Levy 的评论，使用以下代替上面的
find . -mtime 0 | grep -v '^\./en' | grep -v '^\./es'
find is great but the implementation in various UNIX versions differs, so I prefer solutions that are easier to memorize and using commands with more standard options
find 很棒，但在各种 UNIX 版本中的实现不同，所以我更喜欢更容易记忆和使用带有更多标准选项的命令的解决方案
回答by karl
The -regex option of find(1) (which can be combined with the -E option to enable extended regular expressions) matches the whole file path as well.
find(1) 的 -regex 选项（可以与 -E 选项结合使用以启用扩展正则表达式）也匹配整个文件路径。
find . -mtime 0 -not \( -name '*.swp' -o -regex '\./es.*' -o -regex '\./en.*' \)
find "$(pwd -P)" -mtime 0 -not \( -name '*.swp' -o -regex '.*/es.*' -o -regex '.*/en.*' \)
