Linux 使用 shell 脚本将行附加到 /etc/hosts 文件
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Append line to /etc/hosts file with shell script
提问by Stephen Howells
I have a new Ubuntu 12.04 VPS. I am trying to write a setup script that completes an entire LAMP installation. Where I am having trouble is appending a line to the /etc/hostsfile. My current hosts file looks like this:
我有一个新的 Ubuntu 12.04 VPS。我正在尝试编写一个安装脚本来完成整个 LAMP 安装。我遇到问题的地方是在/etc/hosts文件中附加一行。我当前的主机文件如下所示：
127.0.0.1 localhost Venus
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
I would like it to look like this:
我希望它看起来像这样：
127.0.0.1 localhost Venus
192.241.xx.xx venus.example.com venus
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
I have tried a variety of sedcommands using the append (\a) command. For some reason Ubuntu either just echoes the contents of the hostsfile in terminal or does nothing at all. How would I properly inject the second line into the file with a bash script?
我已经sed使用 append ( \a) 命令尝试了各种命令。出于某种原因，Ubuntu 要么只是hosts在终端中回显文件的内容，要么什么都不做。如何使用 bash 脚本将第二行正确注入文件？
采纳答案by damienfrancois
Make sure to use the -ioption of sed.
确保使用 的-i选项sed。
-i[SUFFIX], --in-place[=SUFFIX]
edit files in place (makes backup if extension supplied)
sed -i "2i192.241.xx.xx venus.example.com venus" /etc/hosts
Otherwise,
除此以外，
echo "192.241.xx.xx venus.example.com venus" >> /etc/hosts
would append the line at the end of the file, which could work as you expect.
将在文件末尾附加该行，这可以按您的预期工作。
回答by Vladimir Dimitrov
echo "127.0.0.1 localhost `hostname`">./temp_hosts
echo "192.241.xx.xx venus.example.com">>./temp_hosts
cat /etc/hosts |tail -n +2 >>./temp_hosts
cat ./temp_hosts > /etc/hosts
rm ./temp_file
回答by kojiro
I should point out that sed(the streameditor) is not actually intended for editing files, although it can be used to do that. (Standard seddoesn't have a built-in mechanism for writing to other than standard output.) A more appropriate tool would be ed.
我应该指出sed（流编辑器）实际上并不用于编辑文件，尽管它可以用来做到这一点。（标准 sed没有用于写入标准输出以外的内置机制。）更合适的工具是ed.
The following ed script says "find the line containing the (admittedly sloppy) regular expression /127.0.0.1/ and append at the next line." (The lone period tells ed to stop appending.)
下面的 ed 脚本说“找到包含（公认的草率）正则表达式 /127.0.0.1/ 的行并附加到下一行。” （单独的句点告诉 ed 停止追加。）
ed /etc/hosts <<-'EOF'
/127.0.0.1/a
192.241.xx.xx venus.example.com
.
wq
EOF
That said, you can really just append this line to the endof your /etc/hosts file very trivially:
也就是说，您真的可以非常简单地将此行附加到/etc/hosts 文件的末尾：
echo '192.241.xx.xx venus.example.com' >> /etc/hosts
回答by Jsonras
If your in mac or you need sudo permission to this try this:
如果您在 mac 中或者您需要 sudo 权限，请尝试以下操作：
sudo -- sh -c -e "echo '192.34.0.03 subdomain.domain.com' >> /etc/hosts";
It will still ask you for password.
它仍然会要求您输入密码。
alternative way from @kainjow
来自@kainjow的替代方式
echo '192.34.0.03 subdomain.domain.com' | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
回答by brismuth
Insert/Update Entry
插入/更新条目
If you want to programmatically insert/update a hosts entry using bash, here's a script I wrote to do that:
如果你想使用 bash 以编程方式插入/更新主机条目，这是我写的一个脚本：
#!/bin/bash
# insert/update hosts entry
ip_address="192.168.x.x"
host_name="my.hostname.example.com"
# find existing instances in the host file and save the line numbers
matches_in_hosts="$(grep -n $host_name /etc/hosts | cut -f1 -d:)"
host_entry="${ip_address} ${host_name}"
echo "Please enter your password if requested."
if [ ! -z "$matches_in_hosts" ]
then
echo "Updating existing hosts entry."
# iterate over the line numbers on which matches were found
while read -r line_number; do
# replace the text of each line with the desired host entry
sudo sed -i '' "${line_number}s/.*/${host_entry} /" /etc/hosts
done <<< "$matches_in_hosts"
else
echo "Adding new hosts entry."
echo "$host_entry" | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts > /dev/null
fi
The script is intended for use with OS X but would work on linux as well with minor tweaking.
该脚本旨在与 OS X 一起使用，但也可以在 linux 上使用，并稍作调整。
回答by crackerHyman
you can use sed, like:
您可以使用 sed，例如：
sed '/Venus/ a\
192.241.xx.xx venus.example.com venus' /etc/hosts
sed '/Venus/ a\
192.241.xx.xx venus.example.com venus' /etc/hosts
回答by sanjay
try this with root access.
用 root 访问试试这个。
public void edithost() {
sudo("echo " + "192.168.43.1 www.openrap.com openrap" + " >> /etc/hosts");
sudo("echo " + "192.168.43.1 openrap.com openrap" + " >> /etc/hosts");
sudo("echo " + "192.168.2.144 www.openrap.com openrap" + " >> /etc/hosts");
sudo("echo " + "192.168.2.144 openrap.com openrap" + " >> /etc/hosts");
}
sudo for super user permission
sudo 获得超级用户权限
public static void sudo(String... strings) {
try {
Process su = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su");
DataOutputStream outputStream = new DataOutputStream(su.getOutputStream());
for (String s : strings) {
outputStream.writeBytes(s + "\n");
outputStream.flush();
}
outputStream.writeBytes("exit\n");
outputStream.flush();
try {
su.waitFor();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
outputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
this will append the lines to hosts in the android
这会将行附加到 android 中的主机
