Python 使用 setup.py 在安装的包上导入错误
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Import error on installed package using setup.py
提问by Alex
I have a problem with using setup.pyto setup a python package. First, I have the following directory setup:
我在使用setup.py设置 python 包时遇到问题。首先，我有以下目录设置：
maindir
|- setup.py
|-mymodule
|- __init__.py
|- mainmodule.py
|-subdir
|- __init__.py
|- submodule.py
i.e. the project directory contains the setup.pyand a directory mymodule, which in itself contains two python modules in two directories.
The file submodule.pycontains just
即项目目录包含setup.py和一个目录mymodule，它本身在两个目录中包含两个python模块。该文件submodule.py仅包含
teststring = "hello world"
mainmodule.pycontains:
mainmodule.py包含：
from .subdir import submodule
mainstring = "42"
and setup.pycontains:
并setup.py包含：
import os
from setuptools import setup
setup(
name = "mytestmodule",
version = "0.0.1",
description = ("A simple module."),
packages=['mymodule'],
)
When I do from mymodule import mainmodulewith ipythonfrom within sourceTestthe behaviour works as expected and I can reference e.g. mainmodule.submodule.teststringwhich gives me the string hello world.
当我from mymodule import mainmodule使用ipythonfrom 时sourceTest，行为按预期工作，我可以引用例如mainmodule.submodule.teststring它给我的字符串hello world。
On the other side, when I install this 'package' using python setup.py installand try to do the same (from within some other directory), I get an import error:
另一方面，当我使用安装此“包”python setup.py install并尝试执行相同操作（从其他目录中）时，出现导入错误：
In [1]: from mymodule import mainmodule
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImportError Traceback (most recent call last)
/home/alexander/<ipython-input-1-cf4c9bafa487> in <module>()
----> 1 from mymodule import mainmodule
/home/alexander/build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/mymodule/mainmodule.py in <module>()
ImportError: No module named subdir
I do not see what I have done wrong, as I followed a Getting started tutorialand rules for importing intra-packages. I suppose my mistake is a really tiny one, but I cannot spot it and help is appreciated.
我没有看到我做错了什么，因为我遵循了入门教程和导入内部包的规则。我想我的错误是一个很小的错误，但我无法发现它并感谢帮助。
采纳答案by Pavel Anossov
You have to list all packages in setup, including subpackages:
您必须列出 中的所有包setup，包括子包：
setup(
name = "mytestmodule",
version = "0.0.1",
description = ("A simple module."),
packages=['mymodule', 'mymodule.subdir'],
)
Or you can use setuptools's magic function find_packages:
或者你可以使用setuptools的魔法功能find_packages：
from setuptools import setup, find_packages
setup(
name = "mytestmodule",
version = "0.0.1",
description = ("A simple module."),
packages=find_packages(),
)
This is mentioned here:
这是在这里提到的：
If you have sub-packages, they must be explicitly listed in packages, but any entries in package_dir automatically extend to sub-packages. (In other words, the Distutils does not scan your source tree, trying to figure out which directories correspond to Python packagesby looking for
__init__.pyfiles.)
如果您有子包，它们必须在包中明确列出，但 package_dir 中的任何条目都会自动扩展到子包。（换句话说，Distutils 不会扫描你的源代码树，试图通过查找
__init__.py文件来找出哪些目录对应于 Python 包。）
回答by Shubham Chaudhary
You need to specify your each modules explicitly. Instead of maintaining the complexity of adding module to setup.py everytime, you may use the find_packagesmethod from setuptools.
您需要明确指定每个模块。相反，保持添加模块来setup.py每次的复杂性，你可以使用find_packages从方法setuptools。
find_packagestakes two optional arguments:
find_packages接受两个可选参数：
wherewhich is default to'.'i.e your curdir.excludelist of stuff to exclude
where默认为'.'即您的curdir。exclude要排除的东西列表
I usually have tests in my repo, so I use:
我通常在我的 repo 中有测试，所以我使用：
from setuptools import find_packages
packages=find_packages(exclude=["*.tests", "*.tests.*", "tests.*", "tests"]),
回答by ThorSummoner
I had scriptname.py:mainin my setup.py console_scripts, the .pyis redundant.
我在我的 setup.py console_scripts 中有，这是多余的。scriptname.py:main.py
