Java 使用 Gradle 时如何排除传递依赖项的所有实例？
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How do I exclude all instances of a transitive dependency when using Gradle?
提问by Jens D
My gradle project uses the applicationplugin to build a jar file. As part of the runtime transitive dependencies, I end up pulling in org.slf4j:slf4j-log4j12. (It's referenced as a sub-transitive dependency in at least 5 or 6 other transitive dependencies - this project is using spring and hadoop, so everything but the kitchen sink is getting pulled in... no wait... that's there too :) ).
我的 gradle 项目使用application插件来构建一个 jar 文件。作为运行时传递依赖项的一部分，我最终将org.slf4j:slf4j-log4j12. （它在至少 5 或 6 个其他传递依赖项中被称为子传递依赖项 - 该项目使用的是 spring 和 hadoop，所以除了厨房水槽之外的所有东西都被拉进来了……不用等……那也是：） ）。
I want to globally exclude the slf4j-log4j12jar from my built jar. So I've tried this:
我想slf4j-log4j12从我构建的 jar 中全局排除jar。所以我试过这个：
configurations {
runtime.exclude group: "org.slf4j", name: "slf4j-log4j12"
}
However, this seems to exclude allorg.slf4jartifacts including slf4j-api. When running under debug mode I see lines such as:
但是，这似乎排除了所有org.slf4j工件，包括slf4j-api. 在调试模式下运行时，我看到如下几行：
org.slf4j#slf4j-api is excluded from com.pivotal.gfxd:gfxd-demo-mapreduce:1.0(runtime).
org.slf4j#slf4j-simple is excluded from com.pivotal.gfxd:gfxd-demo-mapreduce:1.0(runtime).
org.slf4j#slf4j-log4j12 is excluded from org.apache.hadoop:hadoop-common:2.2.0(runtime).
I do not want to have to look up the source of each slf4j-log4j12transitive dependency and then have individual compile foo { exclude slf4j... }statements in my dependenciesblock.
我不想查找每个slf4j-log4j12传递依赖的来源，然后compile foo { exclude slf4j... }在我的dependencies块中有单独的语句。
Update:
更新：
I did also try this:
我也试过这个：
configurations {
runtime.exclude name: "slf4j-log4j12"
}
Which ends up excluding everythingfrom the build! As though I specified group: "*".
最终排除了构建中的所有内容！好像我指定了group: "*".
Update 2:
更新 2：
I'm using Gradle version 1.10 for this.
为此，我正在使用 Gradle 1.10 版。
采纳答案by Jens D
Ah, the following works and does what I want:
啊，以下工作并做我想要的：
configurations {
runtime.exclude group: "org.slf4j", module: "slf4j-log4j12"
}
It seems that an Exclude Ruleonly has two attributes - groupand module. However, the above syntax doesn't prevent you from specifying any arbitrary property as a predicate. When trying to exclude from an individual dependency you cannot specify arbitrary properties. For example, this fails:
似乎排除规则只有两个属性 -group和module。但是，上述语法并不阻止您将任意属性指定为谓词。尝试从单个依赖项中排除时，您不能指定任意属性。例如，这失败了：
dependencies {
compile ('org.springframework.data:spring-data-hadoop-core:2.0.0.M4-hadoop22') {
exclude group: "org.slf4j", name: "slf4j-log4j12"
}
}
with
和
No such property: name for class: org.gradle.api.internal.artifacts.DefaultExcludeRule
So even though you can specify a dependency with a group:and name:you can't specify an exclusion with a name:!?!
因此，即使你可以指定一个依赖group:，并name:不能与指定排除name:！？！
Perhaps a separate question, but what exactlyis a modulethen? I can understand the Maven notion of groupId:artifactId:version, which I understand translates to group:name:version in Gradle. But then, how do I know what module (in gradle-speak) a particular Maven artifact belongs to?
也许是一个单独的问题，但究竟什么是模块？我可以理解 groupId:artifactId:version 的 Maven 概念，我理解它在 Gradle 中转换为 group:name:version。但是，我怎么知道一个特定的 Maven 工件属于哪个模块（在 gradle 中）？
回答by Peter Niederwieser
Your approach is correct. (Depending on the circumstances, you might want to use configurations.all { exclude ... }.) If these excludes really exclude more than a single dependency (I haven't ever noticed that when using them), please file a bug at http://forums.gradle.org, ideally with a reproducible example.
你的方法是正确的。（根据情况，您可能想要使用configurations.all { exclude ... }.）如果这些排除确实排除了多个依赖项（我在使用它们时从未注意到），请在http://forums.gradle.org提交错误，最好有一个可重现的例子。
回答by BERGUIGA Mohamed Amine
in the example below I exclude
在下面的例子中，我排除了
spring-boot-starter-tomcat
spring-boot-starter-tomcat
compile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web") {
//by both name and group
exclude group: 'org.springframework.boot', module: 'spring-boot-starter-tomcat'
}
回答by venom.unleashed
For excluding one or more library globally add the following to your build.gradle
要全局排除一个或多个库，请将以下内容添加到 build.gradle
configurations.all {
exclude group:"org.apache.geronimo.specs", module: "geronimo-servlet_2.5_spec"
exclude group:"ch.qos.logback", module:"logback-core"
}
Now the exclude block has two properties groupand module. For those of you coming from maven background, groupis same as groupIdand moduleis same as artifactId. Example: To exclude com.mchange:c3p0:0.9.2.1 following should be exclude block
现在 exclude 块有两个属性group和module。对于那些来自 maven 背景的人，group与groupId相同，module与artifactId相同。示例：要排除 com.mchange:c3p0:0.9.2.1 以下应该是 exclude 块
exclude group:"com.mchange", module:"c3p0"
回答by mark ortiz
I was using spring boot 1.5.10 and tries to exclude logback, the given solution above did not work well, I use configurations instead
我正在使用 spring boot 1.5.10 并尝试排除 logback，上面给定的解决方案效果不佳，我改用配置
configurations.all {
exclude group: "org.springframework.boot", module:"spring-boot-starter-logging"
}
回答by Arnold Schrijver
In addition to what @berguiga-mohamed-amine stated, I just found that a wildcard requires leaving the module argument the empty string:
除了@berguiga-mohamed-amine 所说的之外，我刚刚发现通配符需要将模块参数保留为空字符串：
compile ("com.github.jsonld-java:jsonld-java:$jsonldJavaVersion") {
exclude group: 'org.apache.httpcomponents', module: ''
exclude group: 'org.slf4j', module: ''
}
