如何使用 bash 对目录中的每个文件执行某些操作？
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How to do something to every file in a directory using bash?
提问by
I started with this:
我从这个开始：
command *
But it doesn't work when the directory is empty; the * wildcard becomes a literal "*" character. So I switched to this:
但是当目录为空时它不起作用；* 通配符变成文字“*”字符。所以我切换到这个：
for i in *; do
...
done
which works, but again, not if the directory is empty. I resorted to using ls:
这有效，但同样，如果目录为空，则无效。我求助于使用 ls：
for i in `ls -A`
but of course, then file names with spaces in them get split. I tried tacking on the -Q switch:
但是当然，然后其中包含空格的文件名会被拆分。我尝试添加 -Q 开关：
for i in `ls -AQ`
which causes the names to still be split, only with a quote character at the beginning and ending of the name. Am I missing something obvious here, or is this harder than it ought it be?
这会导致名称仍然被拆分，仅在名称的开头和结尾处有一个引号字符。我是否在这里遗漏了一些明显的东西，或者这比它应该的更难？
回答by
Assuming you only want to do something to files, the simple solution is to test if $i is a file:
假设你只想对文件做一些事情，简单的解决方案是测试 $i 是否是一个文件：
for i in *
do
if test -f "$i"
then
echo "Doing somthing to $i"
fi
done
You should really always make such tests, because you almost certainly don't want to treat files and directories in the same way. Note the quotes around the "$i" which prevent problems with filenames containing spaces.
您确实应该始终进行此类测试，因为您几乎肯定不想以相同的方式处理文件和目录。请注意“$i”周围的引号，它可以防止文件名包含空格出现问题。
回答by Bombe
findcould be what you want.
find可能是你想要的。
find . | while read file; do
# do something with $file
done
Or maybe like this:
或者像这样：
find . -exec <command> {} \;
If you do not want the search to include subdirectories you might need to add a combination of -type fand -maxdepth 1to the find command. See the find man pagefor details.
如果不希望搜索不包含子目录，你可能需要添加的组合-type f，并-maxdepth 1以find命令。有关详细信息，请参阅查找手册页。
回答by pavium
It depends whether you're going to type this at a command prompt, and which command you're applying to the files.
这取决于您是否要在命令提示符下键入它，以及您对文件应用哪个命令。
If it's typed you could go with your second choice and substitute something harmless for the command. I like to use echo instead of mv or rm, for example.
如果它被输入，你可以选择你的第二个选择并用无害的命令代替命令。例如，我喜欢使用 echo 而不是 mv 或 rm。
Put it all on one line:
将所有内容放在一行中：
for i in * ; do command $i; done
When that works - or you can see where it fails, and whether it's harmless, you can press up-arrow, edit the command and try again.
当它起作用时 - 或者您可以看到它失败的地方，以及它是否无害，您可以按向上箭头，编辑命令并重试。
回答by crafter
Use shopt to prevent expansion to *.txt
使用 shopt 防止扩展为 *.txt
shopt -s nullglob
for myfile in *.txt
do
# your code here
echo $myfile
done
回答by Niko
this should do the trick:
这应该可以解决问题：
find -type d -print0 | xargs -n 1 -0 echo "your folder: {} !"
find -type f -print0 | xargs -n 1 -0 echo "your file: {} !"
the print0 / 0 are there to avoid problems with whitespace
print0 / 0 是为了避免空格问题
