bash 在 unix 中复制两个文件之间的差异
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Copy differences between two files in unix
提问by Steam
Firstly, which is the best and fastest unix command to get only the differences between two files ? I tried using diff to do it (below).
首先，哪个是仅获取两个文件之间差异的最佳和最快的 unix 命令？我尝试使用 diff 来做到这一点（如下）。
I tried the answer given by Neilvert Noval over here - Compare two files line by line and generate the difference in another file
我在这里尝试了 Neilvert Noval 给出的答案 -逐行比较两个文件并在另一个文件中生成差异
code -
代码 -
diff -a --suppress-common-lines -y file1.txt file2.txt >> file3.txt
But, I get a lot of spaces and a > symbol also before the different lines. How do I fix that ? I was thinking of removing trailing spaces and the first '>', but not sure if that is a neat fix.
但是，我在不同的行之前也有很多空格和 > 符号。我该如何解决？我正在考虑删除尾随空格和第一个“>”，但不确定这是否是一个巧妙的修复。
My file1.txt has -
我的 file1.txt 有 -
Hello World!
Its such a nice day!
#this is a newline and not a line of text#
My file1.txt has -
我的 file1.txt 有 -
Hello World!
Its such a nice day!
Glad to be here!
#this is a newline and not a line of text#
Output - " #Many spaces here# > Glad to be here:)"
输出 - “#这里有很多空格#>很高兴来到这里:)”
Expected output -Glad to be here:)
预期输出 -很高兴来到这里:)
回答by anubhava
Another way to get diff is by using awk:
另一种获取差异的方法是使用 awk：
awk 'FNR==NR{a[+Glad to be here:)
];next}!(diff -a --suppress-common-lines -y file1.txt file2.txt|tr 'a >' '' |awk '{print }' >>file3.txt
in a)' file1 file2
Though I must admit that I haven't run any benchmarks and can't say which is the fastest solution.
虽然我必须承认我没有运行任何基准测试，也不能说哪个是最快的解决方案。
回答by Spencer Rathbun
The -yoption to diff makes it produce a "side by side" diff, which is why you have the spaces. Try -u 0for the unified format with zero lines of context. That should print:
该-y选项差异使得它产生差异，这就是为什么你有空间“肩并肩”。尝试-u 0使用零行上下文的统一格式。那应该打印：
The plus means the line was added, whereas a minus means it was removed.
加号表示添加了该行，而减号表示已删除该行。
