如何在 Java 中使用 SHA-512 散列密码？

How to hash a password with SHA-512 in Java?

提问by stack man

I've been investigating a bit about Java String encryption techniques and unfortunately I haven't find any good tutorial how to hash String with SHA-512 in Java; I read a few blogs about MD5 and Base64, but they are not as secure as I'd like to (actually, Base64 is not an encryption technique), so I prefer SHA-512.

我一直在研究一些关于 Java 字符串加密技术的内容，但不幸的是我没有找到任何好的教程如何在 Java 中使用 SHA-512 散列字符串；我阅读了一些关于 MD5 和 Base64 的博客，但它们并不像我想的那么安全（实际上，Base64 不是一种加密技术），所以我更喜欢 SHA-512。

采纳答案by A. Sinha

you can use this for SHA-512

您可以将其用于 SHA-512

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

public String get_SHA_512_SecurePassword(String passwordToHash, String salt){
    String generatedPassword = null;
    try {
        MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-512");
        md.update(salt.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        byte[] bytes = md.digest(passwordToHash.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for(int i=0; i< bytes.length ;i++){
            sb.append(Integer.toString((bytes[i] & 0xff) + 0x100, 16).substring(1));
        }
        generatedPassword = sb.toString();
    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return generatedPassword;
}

回答by TheGreatContini

Please stop using hash functions to encode passwords! They do not provide the protection you need. Instead, you should be using an algorithm like PBKDF2, bcrypt, or scrypt.

请停止使用哈希函数来编码密码！它们不提供您需要的保护。相反，您应该使用 PBKDF2、bcrypt 或 scrypt 之类的算法。

References:

参考：

• http://blog.tjll.net/please-stop-hashing-passwords/
• http://security.blogoverflow.com/2011/11/why-passwords-should-be-hashed/
• https://crackstation.net/hashing-security.htm
• http://www.sitepoint.com/risks-challenges-password-hashing/
• http://security.blogoverflow.com/2013/09/about-secure-password-hashing/

• http://blog.tjll.net/please-stop-hashing-passwords/
• http://security.blogoverflow.com/2011/11/why-passwords-should-be-hashed/
• https://crackstation.net/hashing-security.htm
• http://www.sitepoint.com/risks-challenges-password-hashing/
• http://security.blogoverflow.com/2013/09/about-secure-password-hashing/

回答by lathspell

Use Apache Commons Crypt, it features SHA-512 based crypt() functions that generate salted hashes that are even compatible to libc's crypt and thus usable in PHP/Perl/Python/C and most databases, too.

使用 Apache Commons Crypt，它具有基于 SHA-512 的 crypt() 函数，可以生成与 libc 的 crypt 兼容的加盐哈希，因此也可用于 PHP/Perl/Python/C 和大多数数据库。

https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-codec/apidocs/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/Crypt.html#Crypt%28%29

https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-codec/apidocs/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/Crypt.html#Crypt%28%29

回答by lolcat

you could use this to hash a password in java if you want to.

如果您愿意，您可以使用它在 Java 中散列密码。

public static boolean isHashMatch(String password, // the password you want to check.
                                  String saltedHash, // the salted hash you want to check your password against.
                                  String hashAlgorithm, // the algorithm you want to use.
                                  String delimiter) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException // the delimiter that has been used to delimit the salt and the hash.
{
    // get the salt from the salted hash and decode it into a byte[].
    byte[] salt = Base64.getDecoder()
                        .decode(saltedHash.split(delimiter)[0]);
    // compute a new salted hash based on the provided password and salt.
    String pw_saltedHash = computeSaltedBase64Hash(password, 
                                                   salt,
                                                   hashAlgorithm,
                                                   delimiter);
    // check if the provided salted hash matches the salted hash we computed from the password and salt.
    return saltedHash.equals(pw_saltedHash);
}

public static String computeSaltedBase64Hash(String password, // the password you want to hash
                                             String hashAlgorithm, // the algorithm you want to use.
                                             String delimiter) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException // the delimiter that will be used to delimit the salt and the hash.
{
    // compute the salted hash with a random salt.
    return computeSaltedBase64Hash(password, null, hashAlgorithm, delimiter);
}

public static String computeSaltedBase64Hash(String password, // the password you want to hash
                                             byte[] salt, // the salt you want to use (uses random salt if null).
                                             String hashAlgorithm, // the algorithm you want to use.
                                             String delimiter) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException // the delimiter that will be used to delimit the salt and the hash.
{
    // transform the password string into a byte[]. we have to do this to work with it later.
    byte[] passwordBytes = password.getBytes();
    byte[] saltBytes;

    if(salt != null)
    {
        saltBytes = salt;
    }
        else
        {
            // if null has been provided as salt parameter create a new random salt.
            saltBytes = new byte[64];
            SecureRandom secureRandom = new SecureRandom();
            secureRandom.nextBytes(saltBytes);              
        }

    // MessageDigest converts our password and salt into a hash. 
    MessageDigest messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance(hashAlgorithm);
    // concatenate the salt byte[] and the password byte[].
    byte[] saltAndPassword = concatArrays(saltBytes, passwordBytes);
    // create the hash from our concatenated byte[].
    byte[] saltedHash = messageDigest.digest(saltAndPassword);
    // get java's base64 encoder for encoding.
    Encoder base64Encoder = Base64.getEncoder();
    // create a StringBuilder to build the result.
    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();

    result.append(base64Encoder.encodeToString(saltBytes)) // base64-encode the salt and append it.
          .append(delimiter) // append the delimiter (watch out! don't use regex expressions as delimiter if you plan to use String.split() to isolate the salt!)
          .append(base64Encoder.encodeToString(saltedHash)); // base64-encode the salted hash and append it.

    // return a salt and salted hash combo.
    return result.toString();
}

public static byte[] concatArrays(byte[]... arrays)
{   
    int concatLength = 0;
    // get the actual length of all arrays and add it so we know how long our concatenated array has to be.
    for(int i = 0; i< arrays.length; i++)
    {
        concatLength = concatLength + arrays[i].length;
    }
    // prepare our concatenated array which we're going to return later.
    byte[] concatArray = new byte[concatLength];
    // this index tells us where we write into our array.
    int index = 0;
    // concatenate the arrays.
    for(int i = 0; i < arrays.length; i++)
    {
        for(int j = 0; j < arrays[i].length; j++)
        {
            concatArray[index] = arrays[i][j];
            index++;
        }
    }
    // return the concatenated arrays.
    return concatArray;     
}

回答by Jasper den Hartog

With secure hashing combine 3 salt components (of 150 random characters each) to a individual user salt (user salt from the user database table, general salt in a database table (monthly change with cron job) and hide some salt in the application library). Align the for loop amount of the secure hash to your needs. See answer above for hashing method.

使用安全散列将 3 个 salt 组件（每个 150 个随机字符）组合到一个单独的用户 salt（来自用户数据库表的用户 salt，数据库表中的一般 salt（每月更改与 cron 作业）并在应用程序库中隐藏一些 salt） . 根据您的需要调整安全哈希的 for 循环量。有关哈希方法，请参阅上面的答案。

private static String generateSalt(int lenght){
    String abcCapitals = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
    String abcLowerCase = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
    String numbers = "01234567890123456789";
    String characters = "!@#$%^&*!@#$%%^^&*";

    String total = abcCapitals + abcLowerCase + numbers + characters;

    String response = "";

    char letters[] = new char[lenght];
    for (int i=0; i<lenght-1; i++){
        Random r = new Random();
        char letter = total.charAt(r.nextInt(total.length()));
        letters[i] = letter;
    }

    response = Arrays.toString(letters).replaceAll("\s+","");
    response = response.replaceAll(",","");

    return response;
}

private static String getHash(String passwordToHash, String salt){
            String generatedPassword = null;
            try {
                 MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-512");
                 md.update(salt.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
                 byte[] bytes = md.digest(passwordToHash.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
                 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                 for(int i=0; i< bytes.length ;i++){
                    sb.append(Integer.toString((bytes[i] & 0xff) + 0x100, 16).substring(1));
                 }
                 generatedPassword = sb.toString();
                } 
               catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e){
                   System.out.println(e);
               }
            return generatedPassword;
        }

    public static String getSecureHash(String password, String salt){
        String hash = getHash(password, salt);
        for (int i=0; i<20000; i++){
            hash = getHash(password, hash);      
        }
        return hash;
    }

    /**
     * @param args the command line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String salt = generateSalt(150);
        String salt2 = generateSalt(150);
        String salt3 = generateSalt(150);
        String someString = "This is some string!";

        String hash = getSecureHash(someString, salt + salt2 + salt3);
        System.out.println(hash);
    }

回答by Jasper den Hartog

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Hex;

public String getHashSHA512(String StringToHash, String salt){
        String generatedPassword = null;
        try {
            MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-512");
            md.update(salt.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            byte[] bytes = md.digest(StringToHash.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            generatedPassword = Hex.encodeHexString(bytes);
        }
        catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return generatedPassword;
    }

It's not recommended to use hash functions for passwords though, newer alogrithms like bcrypt, or scrypt exist

虽然不建议对密码使用哈希函数，但存在 bcrypt 或 scrypt 等较新的算法

回答by TOUDIdel

Using Guava:

使用番石榴：

Hashing.sha512().hashString(s, StandardCharsets.UTF_8).toString()