Django中的结合与相交
时间:2020-03-06 14:29:04 来源:igfitidea点击:
class Tag(models.Model): name = models.CharField(maxlength=100) class Blog(models.Model): name = models.CharField(maxlength=100) tags = models.ManyToManyField(Tag)
简单的模型只是问我一个问题。
我想知道如何以两种不同的方式使用标签查询博客。
- 用" tag1"或者" tag2"标记的博客条目:
Blog.objects.filter(tags_in = [1,2])。distinct() - 用" tag1"和" tag2"标记的博客对象:
- 完全用" tag1"和" tag2"标记的博客对象:
标签和博客仅作为示例。
解决方案
我们可以将Q对象用于#1:
# Blogs who have either hockey or django tags.
from django.db.models import Q
Blog.objects.filter(
Q(tags__name__iexact='hockey') | Q(tags__name__iexact='django')
)
我相信,联合和交叉点在Django ORM的范围之外,但是对它们来说是可能的。以下示例来自提供功能的django-tagging Django应用程序。 models.py的346行:
对于第二部分,我们基本上是在寻找两个查询的并集
def get_union_by_model(self, queryset_or_model, tags):
"""
Create a ``QuerySet`` containing instances of the specified
model associated with *any* of the given list of tags.
"""
tags = get_tag_list(tags)
tag_count = len(tags)
queryset, model = get_queryset_and_model(queryset_or_model)
if not tag_count:
return model._default_manager.none()
model_table = qn(model._meta.db_table)
# This query selects the ids of all objects which have any of
# the given tags.
query = """
SELECT %(model_pk)s
FROM %(model)s, %(tagged_item)s
WHERE %(tagged_item)s.content_type_id = %(content_type_id)s
AND %(tagged_item)s.tag_id IN (%(tag_id_placeholders)s)
AND %(model_pk)s = %(tagged_item)s.object_id
GROUP BY %(model_pk)s""" % {
'model_pk': '%s.%s' % (model_table, qn(model._meta.pk.column)),
'model': model_table,
'tagged_item': qn(self.model._meta.db_table),
'content_type_id': ContentType.objects.get_for_model(model).pk,
'tag_id_placeholders': ','.join(['%s'] * tag_count),
}
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(query, [tag.pk for tag in tags])
object_ids = [row[0] for row in cursor.fetchall()]
if len(object_ids) > 0:
return queryset.filter(pk__in=object_ids)
else:
return model._default_manager.none()
对于第3部分,我相信我们正在寻找一个交叉点。参见models.py的307行
def get_intersection_by_model(self, queryset_or_model, tags):
"""
Create a ``QuerySet`` containing instances of the specified
model associated with *all* of the given list of tags.
"""
tags = get_tag_list(tags)
tag_count = len(tags)
queryset, model = get_queryset_and_model(queryset_or_model)
if not tag_count:
return model._default_manager.none()
model_table = qn(model._meta.db_table)
# This query selects the ids of all objects which have all the
# given tags.
query = """
SELECT %(model_pk)s
FROM %(model)s, %(tagged_item)s
WHERE %(tagged_item)s.content_type_id = %(content_type_id)s
AND %(tagged_item)s.tag_id IN (%(tag_id_placeholders)s)
AND %(model_pk)s = %(tagged_item)s.object_id
GROUP BY %(model_pk)s
HAVING COUNT(%(model_pk)s) = %(tag_count)s""" % {
'model_pk': '%s.%s' % (model_table, qn(model._meta.pk.column)),
'model': model_table,
'tagged_item': qn(self.model._meta.db_table),
'content_type_id': ContentType.objects.get_for_model(model).pk,
'tag_id_placeholders': ','.join(['%s'] * tag_count),
'tag_count': tag_count,
}
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(query, [tag.pk for tag in tags])
object_ids = [row[0] for row in cursor.fetchall()]
if len(object_ids) > 0:
return queryset.filter(pk__in=object_ids)
else:
return model._default_manager.none()
我已经使用Django 1.0进行了测试:
"或者"查询:
Blog.objects.filter(tags__name__in=['tag1', 'tag2']).distinct()
或者我们可以使用Q类:
Blog.objects.filter(Q(tags__name='tag1') | Q(tags__name='tag2')).distinct()
"和"查询:
Blog.objects.filter(tags__name='tag1').filter(tags__name='tag2')
我不确定第三个,我们可能需要使用SQL。
请不要重新发明轮子,而要使用完全为用例制作的django-tagging应用。它可以执行我们描述的所有查询,甚至更多。
如果需要将自定义字段添加到Tag模型中,还可以查看django-tagging的分支。

