可执行文件可以发现自己的路径吗？(Linux)
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Can an executable discover its own path? (Linux)
提问by Oliver Charlesworth
Possible Duplicate:
how to find the location of the executable in C
可能的重复：
如何在 C 中找到可执行文件的位置
I would like an executable to be able to discover its own path; I have a feeling that the answer is "you can't do this", but I would like this to be confirmed!
我希望一个可执行文件能够发现它自己的路径；我有一种感觉，答案是“你不能这样做”，但我希望这一点得到证实！
I don't think I can use getcwd(), because I might not be executing it from the same directory. I don't think I can use argv[0], because that is based on the string that's used to execute it. Are there any other options?
我不认为我可以使用getcwd()，因为我可能不会从同一目录执行它。我不认为我可以使用argv[0]，因为这是基于用于执行它的字符串。还有其他选择吗？
Rationale
基本原理
The real problem is that I'd like to place an executable somewhere on a filesystem, and place a default config file alongside it. I want the executable to be able to read its config file at runtime, but I don't want to hardcode this location into the executable, nor do I want the user to have to set environment variables. If there's a better solution to this situation, I'm all ears...
真正的问题是我想在文件系统的某个地方放置一个可执行文件，并在它旁边放置一个默认配置文件。我希望可执行文件能够在运行时读取其配置文件，但我不想将此位置硬编码到可执行文件中，也不希望用户必须设置环境变量。如果有更好的解决方案来解决这种情况，我会全神贯注......
采纳答案by Cercerilla
The file /proc/self/exe is a simlink to the currently running executable.
文件 /proc/self/exe 是当前运行的可执行文件的模拟链接。
回答by ?imon Tóth
Well, you have to use getcwd()in conjuction with argv[0]. The first one gives you the working directory, the second one gives you the relative location of the binary from the working directory (or an absolute path).
好吧，您必须getcwd()与argv[0]. 第一个为您提供工作目录，第二个为您提供工作目录中二进制文件的相对位置（或绝对路径）。
回答by NG.
Use the proc filesystem
Your flow would be:
你的流程是：
- Get pid of executable
- look at
/proc/PID/exefor a symlink
- 获取可执行文件的pid
- 寻找
/proc/PID/exe符号链接
回答by Aif
Edit:It was pointed out that using /proc/self/exeis more straightforward. That is entirely true, but I didn't see any benefit in editing the code. Since I still get comments about it, I've edited it.
编辑：有人指出使用/proc/self/exe更直接。这是完全正确的，但我没有看到编辑代码有任何好处。由于我仍然收到有关它的评论，因此我对其进行了编辑。
#include <unistd.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char dest[PATH_MAX];
memset(dest,0,sizeof(dest)); // readlink does not null terminate!
if (readlink("/proc/self/exe", dest, PATH_MAX) == -1) {
perror("readlink");
} else {
printf("%s\n", dest);
}
return 0;
}
Initial answer:You can use getpid() to find the pid of the current process, then read /proc/<pid>/cmdline(for a human reader) or /proc/<pid>/exewhich is a symlink to the actual program. Then, using readlink(), you can find the full path of the program.
初始答案：您可以使用 getpid() 来查找当前进程的 pid，然后读取/proc/<pid>/cmdline（对于人类读者）或/proc/<pid>/exe它是实际程序的符号链接。然后，使用 readlink()，您可以找到程序的完整路径。
Here is an implementation in C:
这是在 C 中的实现：
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char path[PATH_MAX];
char dest[PATH_MAX];
memset(dest,0,sizeof(dest)); // readlink does not null terminate!
pid_t pid = getpid();
sprintf(path, "/proc/%d/exe", pid);
if (readlink(path, dest, PATH_MAX) == -1) {
perror("readlink");
} else {
printf("%s\n", dest);
}
return 0;
}
If you want to try, you can then compile this, make a symlink from the executable to an other path, and call the link:
如果你想尝试，你可以编译它，创建一个从可执行文件到另一个路径的符号链接，然后调用链接：
$ gcc -o mybin source.c
$ ln -s ./mybin /tmp/otherplace
$ /tmp/otherplace
/home/fser/mybin
回答by Gaius
Get your name from argv[0]then call out to the whichcommand. This will obv only work if your executable is in $PATH.
从那里得到你的名字，argv[0]然后呼唤which命令。仅当您的可执行文件位于$PATH.
