用于安装 apt-get 和 yum 的通用 bash 脚本

A universal bash script for installing with apt-get and yum

提问by Justin

I'm trying to write a simple bash wrapper which abstracts yumand apt-get. Basically so we can do something like universal-install curlHere is what I have so far:

我试着写一个简单的bash的包装，其抽象yum和apt-get。基本上，我们可以做一些事情，universal-install curl这是我到目前为止所拥有的：

# universal-install
package=
apt=`command -v apt-get`
yum=`command -v yum`

if [ -n "$apt" ]; then
    apt-get update
    apt-get -y install $package
elif [ -n "$yum" ]; then
    yum -y install $package
else
    echo "Err: no path to apt-get or yum" >&2;
    exit 1;
fi

Are there any errors or improvements/optimizations that can be made?

是否有任何错误或改进/优化可以进行？

回答by Michael Kropat

Take a look at how pacaptdetects the OS:

看看pacapt如何检测操作系统：

# Detect package type from /etc/issue
_found_arch() {
  local _ostype=""
  shift
  grep -qis "$*" /etc/issue && _OSTYPE="$_ostype"
}

# Detect package type
_OSTYPE_detect() {
  _found_arch PACMAN "Arch Linux" && return
  _found_arch DPKG   "Debian GNU/Linux" && return
  _found_arch DPKG   "Ubuntu" && return
  _found_arch YUM    "CentOS" && return
  _found_arch YUM    "Red Hat" && return
  _found_arch YUM    "Fedora" && return
  _found_arch ZYPPER "SUSE" && return

  [[ -z "$_OSTYPE" ]] || return

  # See also https://github.com/icy/pacapt/pull/22
  # Please not that $OSTYPE (which is `linux-gnu` on Linux system)
  # is not our $_OSTYPE. The choice is not very good because
  # a typo can just break the logic of the program.
  if [[ "$OSTYPE" != "darwin"* ]]; then
    _error "Can't detect OS type from /etc/issue. Running fallback method."
  fi
  [[ -x "/usr/bin/pacman" ]]           && _OSTYPE="PACMAN" && return
  [[ -x "/usr/bin/apt-get" ]]          && _OSTYPE="DPKG" && return
  [[ -x "/usr/bin/yum" ]]              && _OSTYPE="YUM" && return
  [[ -x "/opt/local/bin/port" ]]       && _OSTYPE="MACPORTS" && return
  command -v brew >/dev/null           && _OSTYPE="HOMEBREW" && return
  [[ -x "/usr/bin/emerge" ]]           && _OSTYPE="PORTAGE" && return
  [[ -x "/usr/bin/zypper" ]]           && _OSTYPE="ZYPPER" && return
  if [[ -z "$_OSTYPE" ]]; then
    _error "No supported package manager installed on system"
    _error "(supported: apt, homebrew, pacman, portage, yum)"
    exit 1
  fi
}

As you can see it first checks /etc/issue, then failing that the script looks for the associated executable file for each package manager.

如您所见，它首先检查/etc/issue，然后失败，脚本为每个包管理器查找关联的可执行文件。

But heck, why not just use pacapt, instead of rolling your own?

但是，见鬼，为什么不直接使用pacapt，而不是使用自己的呢？

回答by DopeGhoti

If you're going to do this, why require the user to tell the script which tool to use?

如果您打算这样做，为什么要求用户告诉脚本使用哪个工具？

#!/bin/bash
# Find our package manager
if VERB="$( which apt-get )" 2> /dev/null; then
   echo "Debian-based"
elif VERB="$( which yum )" 2> /dev/null; then
   echo "Modern Red Hat-based"
elif VERB="$( which portage )" 2> /dev/null; then
   echo "Gentoo-based"
elif VERB="$( which pacman )" 2> /dev/null; then
   echo "Arch-based"
else
   echo "I have no idea what I'm doing." >&2
   exit 1
fi
if [[ 1 -ne $# ]]; then
   echo "Syntax: 
if [ "" == "`which unzip`" ]; then echo "Unzip Not Found"; if [ -n "`which apt-get`" ]; then apt-get -y install unzip ; elif [ -n "`which yum`" ]; then yum -y install unzip ; fi ; fi
 PACKAGE"
   exit 1
fi
$VERB ""
exit $?

Slightly better would to to look at /etc/issueto see what your distribution is and behave accordingly.

稍微好一点的是看看/etc/issue你的分布是什么，并做出相应的行为。

回答by Dekel

I was looking for a one-liner to install a package and couldn't find any so this was my final version:

我正在寻找一个单线来安装一个包，但找不到，所以这是我的最终版本：

    #!/bin/bash
    # file: src/bash/aspark-starter/install-prerequisites-for-aspark-starter.sh
    # caveat package names are for Ubuntu !!!
    set -eu -o pipefail # fail on error , debug all lines

    # run as root
    [ "${USER:-}" = "root" ] || exec sudo "##代码##" "$@"

    echo "=== $BASH_SOURCE on $(hostname -f) at $(date)" >&2


    echo installing the must-have pre-requisites
    while read -r p ; do
        if [ "" == "`which $p`" ];
        then echo "$p Not Found";
            if [ -n "`which apt-get`" ];
            then apt-get install -y $p ;
            elif [ -n "`which yum`" ];
            then yum -y install $p ;
            fi ;
        fi
    done < <(cat << "EOF"
        perl
        zip unzip
        exuberant-ctags
        mutt
        libxml-atom-perl
        postgresql-9.6
        libdbd-pgsql
        curl
        wget
        libwww-curl-perl
    EOF
    )

    echo installing the nice-to-have pre-requisites
    echo you have 5 seconds to proceed ...
    echo or
    echo hit Ctrl+C to quit
    echo -e "\n"
    sleep 6

    echo installing the nice to-have pre-requisites
    while read -r p ; do
        if [ "" == "`which $p`" ];
        then echo "$p Not Found";
            if [ -n "`which apt-get`" ];
            then apt-get install -y $p ;
            elif [ -n "`which yum`" ];
            then yum -y install $p ;
            fi ;
        fi
    done < <(cat << "EOF"
        tig
    EOF
    )

It's specific for the unzippackage, but can be altered to any other package that is available on apt-get/yum.

它特定于unzip包，但可以更改为 apt-get/yum 上可用的任何其他包。

Hope this will help someone :)

希望这会帮助某人:)

回答by Yordan Georgiev

##代码##