Linux 如何将当前 git 分支的名称放入 shell 脚本中的变量中？
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How to get the name of the current git branch into a variable in a shell script?
提问by Ben
I am new to shell scripting and can't figure this out. If you are unfamiliar, the command git branch returns something like
我是 shell 脚本的新手，无法弄清楚这一点。如果您不熟悉，命令 git branch 会返回类似
* develop
master
, where the asterisk marks the currently checked out branch. When I run the following in the terminal:
，其中星号标记当前签出的分支。当我在终端中运行以下命令时：
git branch | grep "*"
I get:
我得到：
* develop
as expected.
正如预期的那样。
However, when I run
然而，当我跑
test=$(git branch | grep "*")
or
或者
test=`git branch | grep "*"`
And then
进而
echo $test
, the result is just a list of files in the directory. How do we make the value of test="* develop"?
，结果只是目录中的文件列表。我们如何使 test="* develop" 的值？
Then the next step (once we get "* develop" into a variable called test), is to get the substring. Would that just be the following?
然后下一步（一旦我们将“* develop”放入名为 test 的变量中），就是获取子字符串。那只会是以下吗？
currentBranch=${test:2}
I was playing around with that substring function and I got "bad substitution" errors a lot and don't know why.
我在玩那个子字符串函数，我得到了很多“坏替换”错误，不知道为什么。
采纳答案by wich
The * is expanded, what you can do is use sed instead of grep and get the name of the branch immediately:
* 被扩展，你可以做的是使用 sed 而不是 grep 并立即获取分支的名称：
branch=$(git branch | sed -n -e 's/^\* \(.*\)//p')
And a version using git symbolic-ref, as suggested by Noufal Ibrahim
以及使用 git 符号引用的版本，如 Noufal Ibrahim 所建议的
branch=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD | sed -e 's,.*/\(.*\),,')
To elaborate on the expansion, (as marco already did,) the expansion happens in the echo, when you do echo $testwith $test containing "* master" then the * is expanded according to the normal expansion rules. To suppress this one would have to quote the variable, as shown by marco: echo "$test". Alternatively, if you get rid of the asterisk before you echo it, all will be fine, e.g. echo ${test:2}will just echo "master". Alternatively you could assign it anew as you already proposed:
为了详细说明扩展，（正如 marco 已经做过的那样）扩展发生在 echo 中，当您echo $test使用包含“* master”的 $test 时，* 将根据正常扩展规则进行扩展。要抑制这一点，必须引用变量，如 marco: 所示echo "$test"。或者，如果您在回显之前去掉星号，一切都会好起来的，例如echo ${test:2}只回显“master”。或者，您可以按照您已经提议的方式重新分配它：
branch=${test:2}
echo $branch
This will echo "master", like you wanted.
这将呼应“主人”，就像您想要的那样。
回答by Noufal Ibrahim
I would use the git-symbolic-refcommand in the git core. If you say git-symbolic-ref HEAD, you will get the name of the current branch.
我会git-symbolic-ref在 git 核心中使用该命令。如果你说git-symbolic-ref HEAD，你会得到当前分支的名称。
回答by Dyno Fu
disable subshell glob expansion,
禁用子shell glob扩展，
test=$(set -f; git branch)
回答by marco
The problem relies on:
问题依赖于：
echo $test
In fact the variable test contains a wildcard which is expanded by the shell. To avoid that just protect $test with double quotes:
事实上，变量 test 包含一个由 shell 扩展的通配符。为了避免这种情况，只需用双引号保护 $test ：
echo "$test"
回答by joemaller
Expanding on Noufal Ibrahim's answer, use the --shortflag with git-symbolic-ref, no need to fuss with sed.
扩展Noufal Ibrahim 的答案，使用--short带有的标志git-symbolic-ref，无需大惊小怪sed。
I've been using something like this in hooks and it works well:
我一直在钩子中使用这样的东西，它运行良好：
#!/bin/bash
branch=$(git symbolic-ref --short HEAD)
echo
echo "**** Running post-commit hook from branch $branch"
echo
That outputs "**** Running post-commit hook from branch master"
输出“**** 从分支主运行后提交钩子”
Note that git-symbolic-refonly works if you're in a repository. Luckily .git/HEAD, as a leftover from Git's early days, contains the same symbolic ref. If you want to get the active branch of several git repositories, without traversing directories, you could use a bash one-liner like this:
请注意，git-symbolic-ref仅当您在存储库中时才有效。幸运的是.git/HEAD，作为 Git 早期的遗留物，包含相同的符号引用。如果您想获取多个 git 存储库的活动分支，而无需遍历目录，您可以像这样使用 bash one-liner：
for repo in */.git; do branch=$(cat $repo/HEAD); echo ${repo%/.git} : ${branch##*/}; done
Which outputs something like:
输出类似于：
repo1 : master
repo2 : dev
repo3 : issue12
If you want to go further, the full ref contained in .git/HEADis also a relative path to a file containing the SHA-1 hash of the branch's last commit.
如果您想更进一步，包含的完整 ref.git/HEAD也是包含分支上次提交的 SHA-1 哈希的文件的相对路径。
回答by NullVoxPopuli
I use this
git describe --contains --all HEADin my git helper scripts
我git describe --contains --all HEAD在我的 git helper 脚本中使用它
example:
例子：
#!/bin/bash
branchname=$(git describe --contains --all HEAD)
git pull --rebase origin $branchname
I have that in a file called gpullin ~/scripts
我在一个叫做gpullin的文件中有它~/scripts
Edit:
编辑：
for a lot of CI environments, they'll check your code out in a "detached head" state, so then I'll use:
对于许多 CI 环境，他们会在“分离头”状态下检查您的代码，因此我将使用：
BRANCH=$(\
git for-each-ref \
--format='%(objectname) %(refname:short)' refs/heads \
| awk "/^$(git rev-parse HEAD)/ {print $2}"\
)
