Bash getopts 命令
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Bash getopts command
提问by spatara
I am following IBM's example from their website:
我正在关注他们网站上的 IBM 示例：
(listing #5) http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-bash-parameters/index.html
（清单 5）http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-bash-parameters/index.html
#!/bin/bash
echo "OPTIND starts at $OPTIND"
while getopts ":pq:" optname
do
case "$optname" in
"p")
echo "Option $optname is specified"
;;
"q")
echo "Option $optname has value $OPTARG"
;;
"?")
echo "Unknown option $OPTARG"
;;
":")
echo "No argument value for option $OPTARG"
;;
*)
# Should not occur
echo "Unknown error while processing options"
;;
esac
echo "OPTIND is now $OPTIND"
done
All I want to to is have an option whose name is more than 1 letter. ie -pppp and -qqqq instead of -p and -q.
我想要的只是一个名称超过 1 个字母的选项。即 -pppp 和 -qqqq 而不是 -p 和 -q。
I have written my program and implementing -help is giving me a problem...
我已经编写了我的程序并且实施 -help 给了我一个问题......
回答by je4d
For conventional shell commands, -helpis equivalent to -h -e -l -p, so if you parse "-help" with getoptsit will treat it as four separate arguments. Because of this you can't have multi-letter arguments prefixed with only a single hyphen unless you want to do all the parsing yourself. By convention, options that aren't just single characters (aka "long options") are preceded by two dashes instead to make things unambiguous.
对于传统的 shell 命令，-help相当于-h -e -l -p，所以如果你用getopts它解析“-help”，它将把它当作四个单独的参数。因此，除非您想自己进行所有解析，否则您不能只使用一个连字符作为前缀的多字母参数。按照惯例，不只是单个字符的选项（又名“长选项”）前面有两个破折号，而不是使事情明确。
The convention for help text is to support both -hand --help.
帮助文本的约定是同时支持-h和--help。
Unfortunately bash's getoptsbuiltin doesn't support long options, but on all common Linux distributions there's a separate getoptutility that can be used instead that does support long options.
不幸的是，bash 的getopts内置不支持长选项，但在所有常见的 Linux 发行版上，都有一个单独的getopt实用程序可以代替它来支持长选项。
回答by Umae
Upfloor's are right. the getopt utility support long options while you can use --option. Maybe you can try this.
楼上说的对 getopt 实用程序支持长选项，而您可以使用 --option。也许你可以试试这个。
#!/bin/bash
args=`getopt -l help :pq: $*`
for i in $args; do
case $i in
-p) echo "-p"
;;
-q) shift;
optarg=;
echo "-q $optarg"
;;
--help)
echo "--help"
;;
esac
done
