bash 如何使用参数在远程服务器中执行本地脚本
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how to execute an local script in remote server with parameters
提问by Alireza
I have written an bash script foo.sh
我写了一个 bash 脚本 foo.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
echo "starting the script";
I want to execute it in my remote server.
I tried ssh user@remote-addr < test.shand it worked.
我想在我的远程服务器上执行它。我试过了ssh user@remote-addr < test.sh，它奏效了。
After that I changed the test.sh file like this
之后我像这样更改了 test.sh 文件
#!/usr/bin/env bash
echo "starting the script";
echo ;
now I want to pass a local parameter to execute with my script but when I type ssh user@remote-addr < test.sh testparamit returns an error.
现在我想传递一个本地参数来执行我的脚本，但是当我输入ssh user@remote-addr < test.sh testparam它时会返回一个错误。
How can I pass parameters with my scripts?
如何通过脚本传递参数？
采纳答案by chepner
Use the -soption, which forces bash(or any POSIX-compatible shell) to read its command from standard input, rather than from a file named by the first positional argument. All arguments are treated as parameters to the script instead.
使用该-s选项，它强制bash（或任何 POSIX 兼容的 shell）从标准输入读取其命令，而不是从由第一个位置参数命名的文件。所有参数都被视为脚本的参数。
ssh user@remote-addr 'bash -s arg' < test.sh
回答by Charles Duffy
With bashor kshas /bin/sh
与bash或ksh作为/bin/sh
If your remote /bin/shis provided by bash or ksh, you can safely do the following with an untrusted argument list, such that even malicious names (like $(rm -rf $HOME).txt) can be passed as arguments safely:
如果您的遥控器/bin/sh是由 bash 或 ksh 提供的，您可以使用不受信任的参数列表安全地执行以下操作，这样即使是恶意名称（如$(rm -rf $HOME).txt）也可以安全地作为参数传递：
runRemote() {
local args script
script=; shift
# generate eval-safe quoted version of current argument list
printf -v args '%q ' "$@"
# pass that through on the command line to bash -s
# note that $args is parsed remotely by /bin/sh, not by bash!
ssh user@remote-addr "bash -s -- $args" < "$script"
}
...thereafter:
...此后：
runRemote test.sh testparam
With Any POSIX-Compliant /bin/sh
任何符合 POSIX 的 /bin/sh
Note that the following still needs to be run in bash, but will work correctly when the system being ssh'd into has a /bin/shthat is POSIX-baseline, so long as the remote machine has bash installed.
请注意，以下内容仍然需要在 中运行bash，但只要远程机器安装了 bash，当进入的系统ssh具有/bin/shPOSIX-baseline时就会正常工作。
To be safe against sufficiently malicious argument data (attempting to take advantage of the non-POSIX compliant quoting used by printf %qin bash when nonprintable characters are present in the string being escaped) even with a /bin/shthat is baseline-POSIX (such as dashor ash), it gets a bit more interesting:
为了安全地抵御足够恶意的参数数据（printf %q当被转义的字符串中存在不可打印的字符时，尝试利用bash 中使用的非 POSIX 兼容引用），即使/bin/sh是基线 POSIX（例如dash或ash），它变得更有趣了：
runRemote() {
local script=; shift
local args
printf -v args '%q ' "$@"
ssh user@remote-addr "bash -s" <<EOF
# pass quoted arguments through for parsing by remote bash
set -- $args
# substitute literal script text into heredoc
$(< "$script")
EOF
}
Similarly invoked as:
类似地调用为：
runRemote test.sh testparam
