Python 在 os.path.isfile() 中使用通配符
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Use wildcard with os.path.isfile()
提问by Alex
I'd like to check if there are any .rar files in a directory. it doesn't need to be recursive.
我想检查目录中是否有任何 .rar 文件。它不需要是递归的。
Using wildcard with os.path.isfile() was my best guess, but it doesn't work. What can I do then?
将通配符与 os.path.isfile() 一起使用是我最好的猜测，但它不起作用。那我能做什么？
Thanks.
谢谢。
回答by pyfunc
Wildcards are expanded by shelland hence you can not use it with os.path.isfile()
通配符由 shell 扩展，因此您不能将它与 os.path.isfile() 一起使用
If you want to use wildcards, you could use popen with shell = Trueor os.system()
如果要使用通配符，可以使用popen with shell = True或os.system()
>>> import os
>>> os.system('ls')
aliases.sh
default_bashprofile networkhelpers projecthelper.old pythonhelpers virtualenvwrapper_bashrc
0
>>> os.system('ls *.old')
projecthelper.old
0
You could get the same effect with glob module too.
您也可以使用 glob 模块获得相同的效果。
>>> import glob
>>> glob.glob('*.old')
['projecthelper.old']
>>>
回答by user225312
globis what you need.
glob正是你所需要的。
>>> import glob
>>> glob.glob('*.rar') # all rar files within the directory, in this case the current working one
os.path.isfile()returns Trueif a path is an existing regular file. So that is used for checking whether a file already exists and doesn't support wildcards. globdoes.
os.path.isfile()True如果路径是现有的常规文件，则返回。所以它用于检查文件是否已经存在并且不支持通配符。glob做。
回答by Mariy
import os
[x for x in os.listdir("your_directory") if len(x) >= 4 and x[-4:] == ".rar"]
回答by Peter Hansen
Without using os.path.isfile()you won't know whether the results returned by glob()are files or subdirectories, so try something like this instead:
如果不使用，os.path.isfile()您将不知道返回的结果glob()是文件还是子目录，因此请尝试以下操作：
import fnmatch
import os
def find_files(base, pattern):
'''Return list of files matching pattern in base folder.'''
return [n for n in fnmatch.filter(os.listdir(base), pattern) if
os.path.isfile(os.path.join(base, n))]
rar_files = find_files('somedir', '*.rar')
You could also just filter the results returned by glob()if you like, and that has the advantage of doing a few extra things relating to unicode and the like. Check the source in glob.py if it matters.
glob()如果您愿意，您也可以过滤返回的结果，这样做的好处是可以做一些与 unicode 等相关的额外事情。如果重要，请检查 glob.py 中的源。
[n for n in glob(pattern) if os.path.isfile(n)]
回答by gnetscher
iglob is better than glob here since you do not actually want the full list of rar files, but just want to check that one rar exists
iglob 在这里比 glob 更好，因为您实际上并不想要 rar 文件的完整列表，而只是想检查一个 rar 是否存在
回答by Tchotchke
If you just care about whether at least one file exists and you don't want a list of the files:
如果您只关心是否至少存在一个文件并且您不想要文件列表：
import glob
import os
def check_for_files(filepath):
for filepath_object in glob.glob(filepath):
if os.path.isfile(filepath_object):
return True
return False
回答by Som
to display full path and filter based on extension,
根据扩展名显示完整路径和过滤器，
import os
onlyfiles = [f for f in os.listdir(file) if len(f) >= 5 and f[-5:] == ".json" and isfile(join(file, f))]
回答by SUUSHEN_SENJU
Just another method to get the job done using subprocess.
使用子流程完成工作的另一种方法。
import subprocess
try:
q = subprocess.check_output('ls')
if ".rar" in q:
print "Rar exists"
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
print e.output
Reference : https://docs.python.org/2/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.check_output
参考：https: //docs.python.org/2/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.check_output
