Python 请求编码 POST 数据
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Python Requests encoding POST data
提问by TheMagician
Version: Python 2.7.3
版本：Python 2.7.3
Other libraries: Python-Requests 1.2.3, jinja2 (2.6)
其他库：Python-Requests 1.2.3、jinja2 (2.6)
I have a script that submits data to a forum and the problem is that non-ascii characters appear as garbage. For instance a name like André Téchiné comes out as Andr?? T??chin??.
我有一个向论坛提交数据的脚本，问题是非 ascii 字符显示为垃圾。例如，像 André Téchiné 这样的名字出现在 Andr?? T？？下巴？？。
Here's how the data is submitted:
以下是提交数据的方式：
1) Data is initially loaded from a UTF-8 encoded CSV file like so:
1) 数据最初是从 UTF-8 编码的 CSV 文件加载的，如下所示：
entries = []
with codecs.open(filename, 'r', 'utf-8') as f:
for row in unicode_csv_reader(f.readlines()[1:]):
entries.append(dict(zip(csv_header, row)))
unicode_csv_reader is from the bottom of Python CSV documentation page: http://docs.python.org/2/library/csv.html
unicode_csv_reader 来自 Python CSV 文档页面的底部：http://docs.python.org/2/library/csv.html
When I type the entries name in the interpreter, I see the name as u'Andr\xe9 T\xe9chin\xe9'.
当我在解释器中输入条目名称时，我看到名称为u'Andr\xe9 T\xe9chin\xe9'.
2) Next I render the data through jinja2:
2）接下来我通过jinja2渲染数据：
tpl = tpl_env.get_template(u'forumpost.html')
rendered = tpl.render(entries=entries)
When I type the name rendered in the interpreter I see again the same: u'Andr\xe9 T\xe9chin\xe9'
当我输入在解释器中呈现的名称时，我再次看到相同的内容： u'Andr\xe9 T\xe9chin\xe9'
Now, if I write the rendered variable to a filename like this, it displays correctly:
现在，如果我将呈现的变量写入这样的文件名，它会正确显示：
with codecs.open('out.txt', 'a', 'utf-8') as f:
f.write(rendered)
But I must send it to the forum:
但我必须把它发送到论坛：
3) In the POST request code I have:
3）在POST请求代码中，我有：
params = {u'post': rendered}
headers = {u'content-type': u'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}
session.post(posturl, data=params, headers=headers, cookies=session.cookies)
session is a Requests session.
session 是一个请求会话。
And the name is displayed broken in the forum post. I have tried the following:
并且该名称在论坛帖子中显示已损坏。我尝试了以下方法：
- Leave out headers
- Encode rendered as rendered.encode('utf-8') (same result)
- rendered = urllib.quote_plus(rendered) (comes out as all %XY)
- 省略标题
- 编码呈现为 render.encode('utf-8') （结果相同）
- 渲染 = urllib.quote_plus(rendered)（全部为 %XY）
If I type rendered.encode('utf-8') I see the following:
如果我输入 render.encode('utf-8') 我会看到以下内容：
'Andr\xc3\xa9 T\xc3\xa9chin\xc3\xa9'
How could I fix the issue? Thanks.
我该如何解决这个问题？谢谢。
采纳答案by jfs
Your client behaves as it should e.g. running nc -l 8888as a server and making a request:
您的客户端的行为与它应该的一样，例如nc -l 8888作为服务器运行并发出请求：
import requests
requests.post('http://localhost:8888', data={u'post': u'Andr\xe9 T\xe9chin\xe9'})
shows:
显示：
POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8888
Content-Length: 33
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, compress
Accept: */*
User-Agent: python-requests/1.2.3 CPython/2.7.3
post=Andr%C3%A9+T%C3%A9chin%C3%A9
You can check that it is correct:
您可以检查它是否正确：
>>> import urllib
>>> urllib.unquote_plus(b"Andr%C3%A9+T%C3%A9chin%C3%A9").decode('utf-8')
u'Andr\xe9 T\xe9chin\xe9'
check the server decodes the request correctly. You could try to specify the charset:
headers = {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8"}the body contains only ascii characters so it shouldn't hurt and the correct server would ignore any parameters for
x-www-form-urlencodedtype anyway. Look for gory details in URL-encoded form datacheck the issue is not a display artefact i.e., the value is correct but it displays incorrectly
检查服务器是否正确解码了请求。您可以尝试指定字符集：
headers = {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8"}正文仅包含 ascii 字符，因此它不应该受到伤害，并且正确的服务器
x-www-form-urlencoded无论如何都会忽略任何类型参数。在URL 编码的表单数据中查找血腥细节检查问题不是显示伪像，即值正确但显示不正确
回答by dikkini
Try to decode into utf8:
尝试解码成utf8：
unicode(my_string_variable, "utf8")
or decode and encode:
或解码和编码：
sometext = gettextfromsomewhere().decode('utf-8')
env = jinja2.Environment(loader=jinja2.PackageLoader('jinjaapplication', 'templates'))
template = env.get_template('mypage.html')
print template.render( sometext = sometext ).encode('utf-8')
