在 Bash 中解析配置文件中的变量
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Parsing variables from config file in Bash
提问by KillDash9
Having the following content in a file:
在文件中包含以下内容：
VARIABLE1="Value1"
VARIABLE2="Value2"
VARIABLE3="Value3"
I need a script that outputs the following:
我需要一个输出以下内容的脚本：
Content of VARIABLE1 is Value1
Content of VARIABLE2 is Value2
Content of VARIABLE3 is Value3
Any ideas?
有任何想法吗？
回答by glenn Hymanman
Since your config file is a valid shell script, you can source it into your current shell:
由于您的配置文件是一个有效的 shell 脚本，您可以将它的源代码导入当前的 shell：
. config_file
echo "Content of VARIABLE1 is $VARIABLE1"
echo "Content of VARIABLE2 is $VARIABLE2"
echo "Content of VARIABLE3 is $VARIABLE3"
Slightly DRYer, but trickier
稍微干燥，但更棘手
. config_file
for var in VARIABLE1 VARIABLE2 VARIABLE3; do
echo "Content of $var is ${!var}"
done
回答by antonio
If you need these...
如果你需要这些...
Features
特征
- Single line and inline comments;
- Trimming spaces around
=(ievar = valuewill not fail); - Quoted string values;
- Understanding of DOS line endings;
- Keep safe, avoiding sourcing your config file.
- 单行和内联注释；
- 修剪周围的空间
=（即var = value不会失败）； - 带引号的字符串值；
- 了解DOS行尾；
- 保持安全，避免获取您的配置文件。
Code
代码
shopt -s extglob
configfile="dos_or_unix" # set the actual path name of your (DOS or Unix) config file
tr -d '\r' < $configfile > $configfile.unix
while IFS='= ' read -r lhs rhs
do
if [[ ! $lhs =~ ^\ *# && -n $lhs ]]; then
rhs="${rhs%%\#*}" # Del in line right comments
rhs="${rhs%%*( )}" # Del trailing spaces
rhs="${rhs%\"*}" # Del opening string quotes
rhs="${rhs#\"*}" # Del closing string quotes
declare $lhs="$rhs"
fi
done < $configfile.unix
Comments
注释
tr -d '\r' ...deletes DOS carriage return.! $lhs =~ ^\ *#skips single line comments and -n $lhsskips empty lines.
Deleting trailing spaces with ${rhs%%*( )}requires setting extended globbing with shopt -s extglob.
(Apart using sed), you can avoid this, via the more complex:
tr -d '\r' ...删除 DOS 回车。! $lhs =~ ^\ *#跳过单行注释并-n $lhs跳过空行。
删除尾随空格${rhs%%*( )}需要使用shopt -s extglob. （除了使用sed），您可以通过更复杂的方式避免这种情况：
rhs="${rhs%"${rhs##*[^ ]}"}"
Test config file
测试配置文件
## This is a comment
var1=value1 # Right side comment
var2 = value2 # Assignment with spaces
## You can use blank lines
var3= Unquoted String # Outer spaces trimmed
var4= "My name is " # Quote to avoid trimming
var5= "\"Bob\""
Test code
测试代码
echo "Content of var1 is $var1"
echo "Content of var2 is $var2"
echo "Content of var3 is [$var3]"
echo "Content of var4 + var5 is: [$var4$var5]"
Results
结果
Content of var1 is value1
Content of var2 is value2
Content of var3 is [Unquoted String]
Content of var4 + var5 is: [My name is "Bob"]
回答by abasu
awk -F\= '{gsub(/"/,"",$2);print "Content of " $1 " is " $2}' <filename>
awk -F\= '{gsub(/"/,"",$2);print "Content of " $1 " is " $2}' <filename>
Just FYI, another pure bash solution
仅供参考，另一个纯 bash 解决方案
IFS="="
while read -r name value
do
echo "Content of $name is ${value//\"/}"
done < filename
回答by albert
I do in this way
我这样做
. $PATH_TO_FILE
回答by Steven Penny
awk '{print "Content of "" is "}' FS='[="]'
Result
结果
Content of VARIABLE1 is Value1 Content of VARIABLE2 is Value2 Content of VARIABLE3 is Value3
回答by Yordan Georgiev
#
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse the ini like [a]
b=C
d=E;rm t1
[b]
g=h
.$host_name.cnf and set the variables
# cleans the unneeded during after run-time stuff. Note the MainSection
# courtesy of : http://mark.aufflick.com/blog/2007/11/08/parsing-ini-files-with-sed
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
doParseConfFile(){
# set a default cnfiguration file
cnf_file="$run_unit_bash_dir/$run_unit.cnf"
# however if there is a host dependant cnf file override it
test -f "$run_unit_bash_dir/$run_unit.$host_name.cnf" \
&& cnf_file="$run_unit_bash_dir/$run_unit.$host_name.cnf"
# yet finally override if passed as argument to this function
# if the the ini file is not passed define the default host independant ini file
test -z "" || cnf_file=;shift 1;
test -z "" || ini_section=;shift 1;
doLog "DEBUG read configuration file : $cnf_file"
doLog "INFO read [$ini_section] section from config file"
# debug echo "@doParseConfFile cnf_file:: $cnf_file"
# coud be later on parametrized ...
test -z "$ini_section" && ini_section='MAIN_SETTINGS'
doLog "DEBUG reading: the following configuration file"
doLog "DEBUG ""$cnf_file"
( set -o posix ; set ) | sort >"$tmp_dir/vars.before"
eval `sed -e 's/[[:space:]]*\=[[:space:]]*/=/g' \
-e 's/#.*$//' \
-e 's/[[:space:]]*$//' \
-e 's/^[[:space:]]*//' \
-e "s/^\(.*\)=\([^\"']*\)$/=\"\"/" \
< $cnf_file \
| sed -n -e "/^\[$ini_section\]/,/^\s*\[/{/^[^#].*\=.*/p;}"`
( set -o posix ; set ) | sort >"$tmp_dir/vars.after"
doLog "INFO added the following vars from section: [$ini_section]"
cmd="$(comm -3 $tmp_dir/vars.before $tmp_dir/vars.after | perl -ne 's#\s+##g;print "\n $_ "' )"
echo -e "$cmd"
echo -e "$cmd" >> $log_file
echo -e "\n\n"
sleep 1; printf "3[2J";printf "3[0;0H" # and clear the screen
}
#eof func doParseConfFile
回答by Rich Armstrong
given a config file as follows :-
给出一个配置文件如下：-
CFG=path-to-file; for ini in `awk '/^\[/' $CFG`;do unset ARHG;declare -A ARHG;while read A B;do ARHG[$A]=$B;echo "in section $ini, $A is equal to" ${ARHG["$A"]};done < <(awk -F'=' '/\[/ {x=0} x==1 && CFG=path-to-file;
for ini in `awk '/^\[/' $CFG` # finds the SECTIONS (aka "ini")
do
unset ARHG # resets ARHG
declare -A ARHG # declares an associative array
while read A B
do
ARHG[$A]=$B
echo "in section $ini, $A is equal to" ${ARHG["$A"]}
done < <(awk -F'=' '/\[/ {x=0} x==1 && ##代码##~/=/ && NF==2 {print , } ##代码##==INI {x=1}' INI="$ini" $CFG)
# the awk splits the file into sections,
# and returns pairs of values separated by "="
declare -p ARHG # displays the current contents of ARHG
echo
done
printf "end loop\n\n"
declare -p ARHG
~/=/ && NF==2 {print , } ##代码##==INI {x=1}' INI="$ini" $CFG);declare -p ARHG;echo;done;printf "end loop\n\n";declare -p ARHG
the following one-liner will parse and hold the values :-
以下单行代码将解析并保存值：-
##代码##Now, let's break that down
现在，让我们分解一下
##代码##This allows us to save values, without using eval or backtick. To be "really clean", we could remove [:space:] at the start and end of line, ignore "^#" lines, and remove spaces around the "equals" sign.
这允许我们保存值，而无需使用 eval 或反引号。为了“真正干净”，我们可以删除行首和行尾的 [:space:] ，忽略“^#”行，并删除“等号”周围的空格。
