在python中将空格分隔文件转换为逗号分隔值文件
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Convert a space delimited file to comma separated values file in python
提问by muammar
I am very new to Python. I know that this has already been asked, and I apologise, but the difference in this new situation is that spaces between strings are not equal. I have a file, named coord, that contains the following space delimited strings:
我对 Python 很陌生。我知道这已经被问到了，我很抱歉，但这种新情况的不同之处在于字符串之间的空格不相等。我有一个名为coord的文件，其中包含以下以空格分隔的字符串：
1 C 6.00 0.000000000 1.342650315 0.000000000
2 C 6.00 0.000000000 -1.342650315 0.000000000
3 C 6.00 2.325538562 2.685300630 0.000000000
4 C 6.00 2.325538562 -2.685300630 0.000000000
5 C 6.00 4.651077125 1.342650315 0.000000000
6 C 6.00 4.651077125 -1.342650315 0.000000000
7 C 6.00 -2.325538562 2.685300630 0.000000000
8 C 6.00 -2.325538562 -2.685300630 0.000000000
9 C 6.00 -4.651077125 1.342650315 0.000000000
10 C 6.00 -4.651077125 -1.342650315 0.000000000
11 H 1.00 2.325538562 4.733763602 0.000000000
12 H 1.00 2.325538562 -4.733763602 0.000000000
13 H 1.00 -2.325538562 4.733763602 0.000000000
14 H 1.00 -2.325538562 -4.733763602 0.000000000
15 H 1.00 6.425098097 2.366881801 0.000000000
16 H 1.00 6.425098097 -2.366881801 0.000000000
17 H 1.00 -6.425098097 2.366881801 0.000000000
18 H 1.00 -6.425098097 -2.366881801 0.000000000
Please, note the spaces before the start of each string in the first column. So I have tried the following in order of converting it to csv:
请注意第一列中每个字符串开头之前的空格。所以我尝试了以下将其转换为 csv 的顺序：
with open('coord') as infile, open('coordv', 'w') as outfile:
outfile.write(infile.read().replace(" ", ", "))
# Unneeded columns are deleted from the csv
input = open('coordv', 'rb')
output = open('coordcsvout', 'wb')
writer = csv.writer(output)
for row in csv.reader(input):
if row:
writer.writerow(row)
input.close()
output.close()
with open("coordcsvout","rb") as source:
rdr= csv.reader( source )
with open("coordbarray","wb") as result:
wtr= csv.writer(result)
for r in rdr:
wtr.writerow( (r[5], r[6], r[7]) )
When I run the script, I get the following for the coordvin the very first part of the script, which is of course very wrong:
当我运行脚本时，我在脚本的第一部分得到了coordv的以下内容，这当然是非常错误的：
, 1, C, , , 6.00, , 0.000000000, , 1.342650315, , 0.000000000
, 2, C, , , 6.00, , 0.000000000, -1.342650315, , 0.000000000
, 3, C, , , 6.00, , 2.325538562, , 2.685300630, , 0.000000000
, 4, C, , , 6.00, , 2.325538562, -2.685300630, , 0.000000000
, 5, C, , , 6.00, , 4.651077125, , 1.342650315, , 0.000000000
, 6, C, , , 6.00, , 4.651077125, -1.342650315, , 0.000000000
, 7, C, , , 6.00, -2.325538562, , 2.685300630, , 0.000000000
, 8, C, , , 6.00, -2.325538562, -2.685300630, , 0.000000000
, 9, C, , , 6.00, -4.651077125, , 1.342650315, , 0.000000000
, 10, C, , , 6.00, -4.651077125, -1.342650315, , 0.000000000
, 11, H, , , 1.00, , 2.325538562, , 4.733763602, , 0.000000000
, 12, H, , , 1.00, , 2.325538562, -4.733763602, , 0.000000000
, 13, H, , , 1.00, -2.325538562, , 4.733763602, , 0.000000000
, 14, H, , , 1.00, -2.325538562, -4.733763602, , 0.000000000
, 15, H, , , 1.00, , 6.425098097, , 2.366881801, , 0.000000000
, 16, H, , , 1.00, , 6.425098097, -2.366881801, , 0.000000000
, 17, H, , , 1.00, -6.425098097, , 2.366881801, , 0.000000000
, 18, H, , , 1.00, -6.425098097, -2.366881801, , 0.000000000
I have tried different possibilities in .replace without any success, and so far I haven't found any source of information on how I could do this. What would be the best way to get a comma-separated values from this coordfile? What I'm interested is in using then the csv module in python to choose columns 4:6 and finally use numpy to import them as follows:
我在 .replace 中尝试了不同的可能性，但没有成功，到目前为止，我还没有找到任何关于如何做到这一点的信息来源。从这个坐标文件中获取逗号分隔值的最佳方法是什么？我感兴趣的是使用 python 中的 csv 模块来选择列 4:6，最后使用 numpy 导入它们，如下所示：
from numpy import genfromtxt
cocmatrix = genfromtxt('input', delimiter=',')
I'd be very glad if somebody could help me with this problem.
如果有人能帮助我解决这个问题，我会很高兴。
采纳答案by j011y
replace your first bit with this. it's not super pretty but it will give you a csv format.
用这个替换你的第一个位。它不是超级漂亮，但它会给你一个 csv 格式。
with open('coord') as infile, open('coordv', 'w') as outfile:
for line in infile:
outfile.write(" ".join(line.split()).replace(' ', ','))
outfile.write(",") # trailing comma shouldn't matter
if you want the outfile to have everything on different lines you could add
outfile.write("\n")at the end of the for loop, but i dont think your code that follows this will work with it like that.
如果您希望 outfile 将所有内容都放在不同的行上，您可以outfile.write("\n")在 for 循环的末尾添加
，但我认为您遵循的代码不会像那样使用它。
回答by the wolf
You can use csv:
您可以使用 csv：
import csv
with open(ur_infile) as fin, open(ur_outfile, 'w') as fout:
o=csv.writer(fout)
for line in fin:
o.writerow(line.split())
回答by Daniel
You can use python pandas, I have written your data to data.csv:
您可以使用python pandas，我已将您的数据写入data.csv：
import pandas as pd
>>> df = pd.read_csv('data.csv',sep='\s+',header=None)
>>> df
0 1 2 3 4 5
0 1 C 6 0.000000 1.342650 0
1 2 C 6 0.000000 -1.342650 0
2 3 C 6 2.325539 2.685301 0
3 4 C 6 2.325539 -2.685301 0
4 5 C 6 4.651077 1.342650 0
5 6 C 6 4.651077 -1.342650 0
...
The great thing about this is to access the underlying numpy array you can use df.values:
这样做的好处是可以访问您可以使用的底层 numpy 数组df.values：
>>> type(df.values)
<type 'numpy.ndarray'>
To save the data frame with comma delimiters:
要使用逗号分隔符保存数据框：
>>> df.to_csv('data_out.csv',header=None)
Pandas is a great library for managing large amounts of data, as a bonus it works well with numpy. There is also a very good chance that this will be much faster then using the csvmodule.
Pandas 是一个很好的管理大量数据的库，作为奖励，它与 numpy 配合得很好。这也很有可能比使用该csv模块快得多。
回答by user1667218
Why not to read a file line by line? Split a line into a list then rejoin a list with ','.
为什么不逐行读取文件？将一行拆分为一个列表，然后使用 ',' 重新加入一个列表。
回答by user1667218
>>> a = 'cah 1 C 6.00 0.000000000 1.342650315 0.000000000'
=> a = 'cah 1 C 6.00 0.000000000 1.342650315 0.000000000'
>>> a.split()
=> ['cah', '1', 'C', '6.00', '0.000000000', '1.342650315', '0.000000000']
>>> ','.join(a.split())
=> 'cah,1,C,6.00,0.000000000,1.342650315,0.000000000'
>>> ['"' + x + '"' for x in a.split()]
=> ['"cah"', '"1"', '"C"', '"6.00"', '"0.000000000"', '"1.342650315"', '"0.000000000"']
>>> ','.join(['"' + x + '"' for x in a.split()]
=> '"cah","1","C","6.00","0.000000000","1.342650315","0.000000000"'
回答by dstromberg
The csv module is good, or here's a way to do it without:
csv 模块很好，或者这里有一种方法可以做到：
#!/usr/local/cpython-3.3/bin/python
with open('input-file.csv', 'r') as infile, open('output.csv', 'w') as outfile:
for line in infile:
fields = line.split()
outfile.write('{}\n'.format(','.join(fields)))
回答by Majid Hoseiny
for converting "space" to ","
用于将“空格”转换为“，”
only fill the filename to what you want
只填写你想要的文件名
with open('filename') as infile, open('output', 'w') as outfile:
outfile.write(infile.read().replace(" ", ","))
for converting "," to "Space"
用于将“,”转换为“空格”
with open('filename') as infile, open('output', 'w') as outfile:
outfile.write(infile.read().replace(",", " "))
with open('filename') as infile, open('output', 'w') as outfile:
outfile.write(infile.read().replace(",", " "))
回答by Ranjeet R Patil
For Merging Multiple text files in one CSV
用于在一个 CSV 中合并多个文本文件
import csv
import os
for x in range(0,n): #n = max number of files
with open('input{}.txt'.format(x)) as fin, open('output.csv', 'a') as fout:
csv_output=csv.writer(fout)
for line in fin:
csv_output.writerow(line.split())
