pandas GeoPandas 的过度功能不起作用

Overly Function from GeoPandas Not Working

提问by Rotail

I simply want to use geopandasto get a union and intersection of two polygonal areas. I define:

我只是想用来geopandas获得两个多边形区域的并集和交集。我定义：

import geopandas as gpd
from shapely.geometry import Polygon
polys1 = gpd.GeoSeries([Polygon([(0,0), (2,0), (2,2), (0,2)]),
                                  Polygon([(2,2), (4,2), (4,4), (2,4)])])
polys2 = gpd.GeoSeries([Polygon([(1,1), (3,1), (3,3), (1,3)]),
                                  Polygon([(3,3), (5,3), (5,5), (3,5)])])

df1 = gpd.GeoDataFrame({'geometry': polys1, 'df1':[1,2]})
df2 = gpd.GeoDataFrame({'geometry': polys2, 'df2':[1,2]})

I try the following to get the union:

我尝试以下方法来获得union：

res_union = gpd.overlay(df1, df2, how='union')

and it fails with the following ERROR:

它失败并显示以下错误：

AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'intersection'

I am following the instructions here.

我正在按照此处的说明操作。

回答by pedro regis

Despite I don't know the OP's operational system I think that I figured out how to solve the problem, at least for GNU/Linux systems (I'm not able to test in other systems).

尽管我不知道 OP 的操作系统，但我认为我找到了解决问题的方法，至少对于 GNU/Linux 系统（我无法在其他系统中进行测试）。

Direct explanation

直接说明

To be able to use the overlayfunction you need more than just install geopandas, you need install rtree, but rtreeis a wrapper to the C library libspatialindex. So to use rtreelibrary you need to install libspatialindexC library.

为了能够使用overlay您不仅geopandas需要安装的功能，您还需要安装rtree，但它rtree是 C 库libspatialindex的包装器。所以要使用rtree库，你需要安装libspatialindexC 库。

To install libspatialindexopen a terminal end type:

要安装libspatialindex开放式终端类型：

sudo apt-get update && apt-get install -y libspatialindex-dev

sudo apt-get update && apt-get install -y libspatialindex-dev

Note: actually you only need the sudo apt-get install libspatialindex-dev, but it is good practice update the system, and the -y flag is just to don't stop the installation process to ask for continue with the installation or not.

注意：实际上您只需要sudo apt-get install libspatialindex-dev，但最好更新系统， -y 标志只是为了不要停止安装过程以要求继续安装。

Now it should solve your problem. Note: make sure you have rtreeinstalled in your system, you can do this using pip3 freeze(I am supposing that you use python3).

现在它应该可以解决您的问题。注意：确保您已rtree在系统中安装，您可以使用pip3 freeze（我假设您使用python3）来执行此操作。

Long explanation

长解释

I faced the same error, and spent a lot of time to figure out what was the problem. The answer to this question libspatialindex and Rtree on pythongive to me a tip on how to solve the problem.

我遇到了同样的错误，并花了很多时间找出问题所在。这个问题的答案libspatialindex 和 Python 上的 Rtree给了我一个关于如何解决问题的提示。

Consider the bellow code (the OP's code example) and save named as script.py:

考虑波纹管代码（OP的代码示例）并保存命名为script.py：

import geopandas as gpd
from shapely.geometry import Polygon


polys1 = gpd.GeoSeries([Polygon([(0,0), (2,0), (2,2), (0,2)]),
                        Polygon([(2,2), (4,2), (4,4), (2,4)])])

polys2 = gpd.GeoSeries([Polygon([(1,1), (3,1), (3,3), (1,3)]),
                        Polygon([(3,3), (5,3), (5,5), (3,5)])])

df1 = gpd.GeoDataFrame({'geometry': polys1, 'df1':[1,2]})

df2 = gpd.GeoDataFrame({'geometry': polys2, 'df2':[1,2]})

res_union = gpd.overlay(df1, df2, how='union')

Consider the following requirements.txt:

请考虑以下事项requirements.txt：

Shapely==1.6.4.post2
descartes==1.1.0
geopandas==0.4.0
matplotlib==3.0.2

If you try to only install the libraries in the requirements.txtand run scrip.py, and not install rtreelibrary according to the requirements.txt, it is going to show the following error message:

如果您尝试只安装requirements.txt和 run 中的库scrip.py，而不是rtree根据安装库requirements.txt，则会显示以下错误消息：

/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/geopandas/base.py:76: UserWarning: Cannot generate spatial index: Missing package `rtree`.
  warn("Cannot generate spatial index: Missing package `rtree`.")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "script.py", line 17, in <module>
    res_union = gpd.overlay(df1, df2, how='union')
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/geopandas/tools/overlay.py", line 371, in overlay
    result = _overlay_union(df1, df2)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/geopandas/tools/overlay.py", line 298, in _overlay_union
    dfinter = _overlay_intersection(df1, df2)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/geopandas/tools/overlay.py", line 212, in _overlay_intersection
    sidx = bbox.apply(lambda x: list(spatial_index.intersection(x)))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pandas/core/series.py", line 3194, in apply
    mapped = lib.map_infer(values, f, convert=convert_dtype)
  File "pandas/_libs/src/inference.pyx", line 1472, in pandas._libs.lib.map_infer
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/geopandas/tools/overlay.py", line 212, in <lambda>
    sidx = bbox.apply(lambda x: list(spatial_index.intersection(x)))
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'intersection'

The last line of the error message

错误信息的最后一行

AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'intersection'

AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'intersection'

is not so useful. But if you look to the first line:

不是很有用。但是如果你看第一行：

/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/geopandas/base.py:76: UserWarning: Cannot generate spatial index: Missing packagertree.

/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/geopandas/base.py:76: UserWarning: Cannot generate spatial index: Missing package树.

it is complaining about the rtreelibrary.

它在抱怨rtree图书馆。

So lets install rtreeand see what happens. requirements.txtnow is updated to:

所以让我们安装rtree看看会发生什么。requirements.txt现在更新为：

Shapely==1.6.4.post2
descartes==1.1.0
geopandas==0.4.0
matplotlib==3.0.2
rtree==0.8.3

Runing again the script.pyI get the following error:

再次运行script.py我收到以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "script.py", line 3, in <module>
    import geopandas as gpd
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/geopandas/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
    from geopandas.geoseries import GeoSeries
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/geopandas/geoseries.py", line 12, in <module>
    from geopandas.base import GeoPandasBase, _series_unary_op, _CoordinateIndexer
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/geopandas/base.py", line 14, in <module>
    from rtree.core import RTreeError
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/rtree/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
    from .index import Rtree
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/rtree/index.py", line 5, in <module>
    from . import core
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/rtree/core.py", line 125, in <module>
    raise OSError("Could not find libspatialindex_c library file")
OSError: Could not find libspatialindex_c library file

The last line complain about libspatialindex_c, so as explained in the first part of my answer, the "Direct explanation", just run the bellow code to install libspatialindexand the script.pyshould work.

最后一行抱怨libspatialindex_c，所以我的回答，“直接的解释”的第一部分所解释的，只需运行娄代码安装libspatialindex和script.py应该工作。

sudo apt-get update && apt-get install -y libspatialindex-dev

sudo apt-get update && apt-get install -y libspatialindex-dev

At least for me the problem is solved.

至少对我来说，问题解决了。