Linux 解析 shell 脚本参数
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Parsing shell script arguments
提问by TIMEX
$myscript.sh -host blah -user blah -pass blah
I want to pass arguments into it.
我想将参数传递给它。
I'm used to doing $1, $2, $3....but I want to start naming them
我已经习惯了$1, $2, $3.... 但我想开始命名它们
采纳答案by William Pursell
There are lots of ways to parse arguments in sh. Getopt is good. Here's a simple script that parses things by hand:
有很多方法可以解析 sh 中的参数。Getopt 很好。这是一个手动解析事物的简单脚本：
#!/bin/sh
# WARNING: see discussion and caveats below
# this is extremely fragile and insecure
while echo | grep -q ^-; do
# Evaluating a user entered string!
# Red flags!!! Don't do this
eval $( echo | sed 's/^-//' )=
shift
shift
done
echo host = $host
echo user = $user
echo pass = $pass
echo args = $@
A sample run looks like:
示例运行如下所示：
$ ./a.sh -host foo -user me -pass secret some args
host = foo
user = me
pass = secret
args = some args
Note that this is not even remotely robust and massively open to security holes since the script eval's a string constructed by the user. It is merely meant to serve as an example for one possible way to do things. A simpler method is to require the user to pass the data in the environment. In a bourne shell (ie, anything that is not in the csh family):
请注意，由于脚本 eval 是由用户构造的字符串，因此这甚至不是远程健壮性和大规模开放的安全漏洞。它只是作为一种可能的做事方式的例子。更简单的方法是要求用户在环境中传递数据。在 bourne shell 中（即，任何不在 csh 系列中的东西）：
$ host=blah user=blah pass=blah myscript.sh
works nicely, and the variables $host, $user, $passwill be available in the script.
工作得很好，和变量$host，$user，$pass将在脚本可用。
#!/bin/sh
echo host = ${host:?host empty or unset}
echo user = ${user?user not set}
...
回答by James Sumners
回答by Paused until further notice.
Here is a simple way to handle both long and short options:
这是处理多头和空头期权的简单方法：
while [[ == -* ]]; do
case "" in
-h|--help|-\?) show_help; exit 0;;
-v|--verbose) verbose=1; shift;;
-f) if (($# > 1)); then
output_file=; shift 2
else
echo "-f requires an argument" 1>&2
exit 1
fi ;;
--) shift; break;;
-*) echo "invalid option: " 1>&2; show_help; exit 1;;
esac
done
From How can I handle command-line arguments (options) to my script easily?
回答by Kamil Kie?czewski
I adopt above William Pursell example (with Dennis Williamson advice) for parameters in this format: script -param1=value1 -param2=value2 ...
对于这种格式的参数，我采用了上面的 William Pursell 示例（与 Dennis Williamson 建议）：脚本 -param1=value1 -param2=value2 ...
Here is code with one-line arguments parser (save it in file 'script'):
这是带有单行参数解析器的代码（将其保存在文件“脚本”中）：
#!/bin/bash
while echo | grep ^- > /dev/null; do declare $( echo | sed 's/-//g' | sed 's/=.*//g' | tr -d '2')=$( echo | sed 's/.*=//g' | tr -d '2'); shift; done
echo host = $host
echo user = $user
echo pass = $pass
You call it like that:
你这样称呼它：
script -host=aaa -user=bbb -pass=ccc
script -host=aaa -user=bbb -pass=ccc
and result is
结果是
host = aaa
user = bbb
pass = ccc
Do someone know shorter code to parse arguments than this above?
有人知道比上面更短的代码来解析参数吗？
