将 Bash 变量读入 Python 脚本
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Read Bash variables into a Python script
提问by Tall Paul
I am running a bash script (test.sh) and it loads in environment variables (from env.sh). That works fine, but I am trying to see python can just load in the variables already in the bash script.
我正在运行一个 bash 脚本 (test.sh)，它加载到环境变量中（来自 env.sh）。这工作正常，但我试图看到 python 可以只加载 bash 脚本中已有的变量。
Yes I know it would probably be easier to just pass in the specific variables I need as arguments, but I was curious if it was possible to get the bash variables.
是的，我知道将我需要的特定变量作为参数传递可能会更容易，但是我很好奇是否可以获取 bash 变量。
test.sh
测试文件
#!/bin/bash
source env.sh
echo $test1
python pythontest.py
env.sh
环境文件
#!/bin/bash
test1="hello"
pythontest.py
测试文件
?
print test1 (that is what I want)
采纳答案by AMADANON Inc.
You need to export the variables in bash, or they will be local to bash:
您需要在 bash 中导出变量，否则它们将是 bash 的本地变量：
export test1
Then, in python
然后，在蟒蛇
import os
print os.environ["test1"]
回答by John
Assuming the environment variables that get set are permanent, which I think they are not. You can use os.environ.
假设设置的环境变量是永久性的，我认为它们不是。您可以使用os.environ.
os.environ["something"]
回答by Taejoon Byun
There's another way using subprocessthat does not depend on setting the environment. With a little more code, though.
还有另一种使用方式subprocess，不依赖于设置环境。不过，多一点代码。
For a shell script that looks like follows:
对于如下所示的 shell 脚本：
#!/bin/sh
myvar="here is my variable in the shell script"
function print_myvar() {
echo $myvar
}
You can retrieve the value of the variable or even call a function in the shell script like in the following Python code:
您可以检索变量的值，甚至可以在 shell 脚本中调用函数，如下面的 Python 代码所示：
import subprocess
def get_var(varname):
CMD = 'echo $(source myscript.sh; echo $%s)' % varname
p = subprocess.Popen(CMD, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True, executable='/bin/bash')
return p.stdout.readlines()[0].strip()
def call_func(funcname):
CMD = 'echo $(source myscript.sh; echo $(%s))' % funcname
p = subprocess.Popen(CMD, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True, executable='/bin/bash')
return p.stdout.readlines()[0].strip()
print get_var('myvar')
print call_func('print_myvar')
Note that both shell=Trueshall be set in order to process the shell command in CMDto be processed as it is, and set executable='bin/bash'to use process substitution, which is not supported by the default /bin/sh.
请注意，两者shell=True都应设置以便按CMD原样处理要处理的 shell 命令，并设置executable='bin/bash'为使用进程替换，默认情况下不支持/bin/sh。
