SQL 如何在heroku上执行.sql脚本？
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how to execute a .sql script on heroku?
提问by Byron Singh
I have a .sql file with a bunch of insert commands that I want to execute on my postgres database on heroku. But I don't know how to do it:-
我有一个 .sql 文件，里面有一堆我想在 heroku 上的 postgres 数据库上执行的插入命令。但我不知道该怎么做：-
If I had access to postgres console I'd type the following:
如果我可以访问 postgres 控制台，我会输入以下内容：
psql -h localhost -d database -U username -f datafile.sql
but it seems that heroku doesn't support this command. I've tried with
但似乎heroku 不支持此命令。我试过
heroku pg:psql
but that doesn't let me input a file.
但这并不能让我输入文件。
Are there any other options?
还有其他选择吗？
回答by catsby
For things like seeding a database, I recommend Richard Brown's answer: you're arguably better off using something like Rails seeds mechanism, or something scripted like a rake task.
对于像为数据库做种这样的事情，我推荐 Richard Brown 的回答：可以说最好使用 Rails 种子机制之类的东西，或者像 rake 任务这样的脚本。
That said, being able to pipe sql (raw, or a file) is a useful feature, especially for idempotent things like simple look ups or routine queries. In which case you can execute your local sql with any of the following:
也就是说，能够通过管道传输 sql（原始文件或文件）是一个有用的功能，尤其是对于诸如简单查找或常规查询之类的幂等事物。在这种情况下，您可以使用以下任何一种方式执行本地 sql：
$ cat file.sql | heroku pg:psql --app app_name
$ echo "select * from table;" | heroku pg:psql --app app_name
$ heroku pg:psql --app app_name < file.sql
回答by John Beynon
Why not just use psql?
为什么不直接使用 psql？
If you look at the output of heroku configyou will see the database URLs (DATABASE_URL key) your application is using - if you take this and break them apart in to the correct bits for using with the psqlall will be good.
如果您查看输出，heroku config您将看到您的应用程序正在使用的数据库 URL（DATABASE_URL 键） - 如果您将其分解为正确的位以便与psqlall一起使用会很好。
eg
例如
DATABASE_URL: postgres://username:password@host:port/dbname
becomes
变成
psql -h host -p port -d dbname -U username -f datafile.sql
回答by Richard Brown
I like updates that are testable and repeatable. When I need to update the database I write a rake task to perform the update; that way you can run it against test first to guarantee the output is correct before running in production.
我喜欢可测试和可重复的更新。当我需要更新数据库时，我会编写一个 rake 任务来执行更新；这样您就可以先针对测试运行它，以确保在生产中运行之前输出是正确的。
You don't mention if this is an initial database load or one run later, but the convention for loading fresh data into a Rails database is to create a db:seedrake file that you can execute after your db:migratetask is done.
您没有提到这是初始数据库加载还是稍后运行，但是将新数据加载到 Rails 数据库的约定是创建一个db:seed可以在db:migrate任务完成后执行的rake 文件。
See: http://justinfrench.com/notebook/a-custom-rake-task-to-reset-and-seed-your-databaseAnd: http://railscasts.com/episodes/179-seed-data
请参阅：http: //justinfrench.com/notebook/a-custom-rake-task-to-reset-and-seed-your-database以及：http: //railscasts.com/episodes/179-seed-data
