将一个文件的内容插入到另一个文件中（在发送的文件的特定行中）-BASH/LINUX
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insert the contents of a file to another (in a specific line of the file that is sent)-BASH/LINUX
提问by Jonathan Leffler
I tried doing it with catand then after I type the second file I added | head -$line | tail -1but it doesn't work because it performs catfirst.
我尝试这样做cat，然后在我输入我添加的第二个文件后，| head -$line | tail -1但它不起作用，因为它cat首先执行。
Any ideas? I need to do it with cator something else.
有任何想法吗？我需要用它cat或别的东西来做。
回答by Jonathan Leffler
I'd probably use sedfor this job:
我可能会sed用于这项工作：
line=3
sed -e "${line}r file2" file1
If you're looking to overwrite file1and you have GNU sed, add the -ioption. Otherwise, write to a temporary file and then copy/move the temporary file over the original, cleaning up as necessary (that's the trapstuff below). Note: copying the temporary over the file preserves links; moving does not (but is swifter, especially if the file is big).
如果您想覆盖file1并且您有 GNU sed，请添加该-i选项。否则，写入一个临时文件，然后将临时文件复制/移动到原始文件上，根据需要进行清理（这就是trap下面的内容）。注意：在文件上复制临时文件会保留链接；移动没有（但更快，特别是如果文件很大）。
line=3
tmp="./sed.$$"
trap "rm -f $tmp; exit 1" 0 1 2 3 13 15
sed -e "${line}r file2" file1 > $tmp
cp $tmp file1
rm -f $tmp
trap 0
回答by gniourf_gniourf
Just for fun, and just because we all love ed, the standard editor, here's an edversion. It's very efficient (edis a genuinetext editor)!
只是为了好玩，也只是因为我们都喜欢ed标准编辑器，这里有一个ed版本。它非常高效（ed是一个真正的文本编辑器）！
ed -s file2 <<< $'3r file1\nw'
If the line number is stored in the variable linethen:
如果行号存储在变量中，line则：
ed -s file2 <<< "${line}r file1"$'\nw'
Just to please Zack, here's one version with less bashism, in case you don't like bash (personally, I don't like pipes and subshells, I prefer herestrings, but hey, as I said, that's only to please Zack):
只是为了取悦 Zack，这里有一个不那么 bashism 的版本，以防你不喜欢 bash（就个人而言，我不喜欢管道和子外壳，我更喜欢 herestrings，但是嘿，正如我所说，这只是为了取悦 Zack）：
printf "%s\n" "${line}r file1" w | ed -s file2
or (to please Sorpigal):
或（为了取悦 Sorpigal）：
printf "%dr %s\nw" "$line" file1 | ed -s file2
As Jonathan Leffler mentions in a comment, and if you intend to use this method in a script, use a heredoc (it's usually the most efficient):
正如 Jonathan Leffler 在评论中提到的，如果您打算在脚本中使用此方法，请使用 heredoc（它通常是最有效的）：
ed -s file2 <<EOF
${line}r file1
w
EOF
Hope this helps!
希望这可以帮助！
P.S. Don't hesitate to leave a comment if you feel you need to express yourself about the ways to drive ed, the standard editor.
PS 如果您觉得需要表达自己的驾驶方式ed，标准编辑器，请不要犹豫，发表评论。
回答by sorpigal
Lots of ways to do it, but I like to to choose a way that involves making tools.
有很多方法可以做到，但我喜欢选择一种涉及制作工具的方法。
First, setup test environment
一、搭建测试环境
rm -rf /tmp/test
mkdir /tmp/test
printf '%s\n' {0..9} > /tmp/test/f1
printf '%s\n' {one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten} > /tmp/test/f2
Now let's make the tool, and in this first pass we'll implement it badly.
现在让我们制作工具，在这第一遍中，我们将错误地实现它。
# insert contents of file into file at line
insert_at () { insert="" ; into="" ; at="" ; { head -n $at "$into" ; ((at++)) ; cat "$insert" ; tail -n +$at "$into" ; } ; }
Then run the tool to see the amazing results.
然后运行该工具以查看惊人的结果。
$ insert_at /tmp/test/f1 /tmp/test/f2 5
But wait, the result is on stdout! What about overwriting the original? No problem, we can make another tool for that.
但是等等，结果在标准输出上！覆盖原来的怎么办？没问题，我们可以为此制作另一个工具。
insert_at_replace () { tmp=$(mktemp) ; insert_at "$@" > "$tmp" ; mv "$tmp" "" ; }
And run it
并运行它
$ insert_at_replace /tmp/test/f1 /tmp/test/f2 5
$ cat /tmp/test/f2
"Your implementation sucks!"
“你的实施很糟糕！”
I know, but that's the beauty of making simple tools. Let's replace insert_atwith the sed version.
我知道，但这就是制作简单工具的美妙之处。让我们替换insert_at为 sed 版本。
insert_at () { insert="" ; into="" ; at="" ; sed -e "${at}r ${insert}" "$into" ; }
And insert_at_replacekeeps working (of course). The implementation of insert_at_replacecan also be changed to be less buggy, but I'll leave that as an exercise for the reader.
并insert_at_replace继续工作（当然）。的实施insert_at_replace也可以改为车少，但我会离开，作为一个练习留给读者。
回答by techno
cat file1 >>file2
will append content of file1 to file2.
将文件 1 的内容附加到文件 2。
cat file1 file2
will concatenate file1 and file2 and send output to terminal.
将连接 file1 和 file2 并将输出发送到终端。
cat file1 file2 >file3
will create or overwite file3 with concatenation of file1 and file2
将通过连接 file1 和 file2 创建或覆盖 file3
cat file1 file2 >>file3
will append concatenation of file1 and file2 to end of file3.
将文件 1 和文件 2 的连接追加到文件 3 的末尾。
Edit:
编辑：
For trunking file2 before adding file1:
在添加文件 1 之前中继文件 2：
sed -e '11,$d' -i file2 && cat file1 >>file2
or for making a 500 lines file:
或者制作一个 500 行的文件：
n=$((500-$(wc -l <file1)))
sed -e "1,${n}d" -i file2 && cat file1 >>file2
回答by combinatorist
I like doing this with headand tailif you don't mind managing a new file:
我喜欢这样做，head而且tail如果你不介意管理的新文件：
head -n 16 file1 > file3 &&
cat file2 >> file3 &&
tail -n+56 file1 >> file3
You can collapse this onto one line if you like. Then, if you really need it to overwrite file1, do:
mv file3 file1(optionally include&&between commands).
如果您愿意，可以将其折叠到一行中。然后，如果您确实需要它来覆盖 file1，请执行以下操作
mv file3 file1：（可选地&&在命令之间包含）。
Notes:
笔记：
head -n 16 file1means first 16 lines of file1tail -n+56 file1means file1 starting from line 56 to the end- Hence, I actually skipped lines 17 through 55 from file1.
- Of course, if you could change 56 to 17 so no lines are skipped.
- I prefer to mix simple
headandtailcommands then try a magicsedcommand.
head -n 16 file1表示 file1 的前 16 行tail -n+56 file1表示从第 56 行开始到末尾的 file1- 因此，我实际上从文件 1 中跳过了第 17 行到第 55 行。
- 当然，如果您可以将 56 更改为 17，则不会跳过任何行。
- 我更喜欢混合简单
head和tail命令，然后尝试使用魔术sed命令。
