PHP 函数来制作 slug（URL 字符串）

PHP function to make slug (URL string)

提问by Andres SK

I want to have a function to create slugs from Unicode strings, e.g. gen_slug('Andrés Cortez')should return andres-cortez. How should I do that?

我想要一个函数来从 Unicode 字符串创建 slugs，例如gen_slug('Andrés Cortez')应该返回andres-cortez. 我该怎么做？

回答by Maerlyn

Instead of a lengthy replace, try this one:

与其进行冗长的替换，不如试试这个：

public static function slugify($text)
{
  // replace non letter or digits by -
  $text = preg_replace('~[^\pL\d]+~u', '-', $text);

  // transliterate
  $text = iconv('utf-8', 'us-ascii//TRANSLIT', $text);

  // remove unwanted characters
  $text = preg_replace('~[^-\w]+~', '', $text);

  // trim
  $text = trim($text, '-');

  // remove duplicate -
  $text = preg_replace('~-+~', '-', $text);

  // lowercase
  $text = strtolower($text);

  if (empty($text)) {
    return 'n-a';
  }

  return $text;
}

This was based off the one in Symfony's Jobeet tutorial.

这是基于 Symfony 的 Jobeet 教程中的一个。

回答by TheKalpit

Update

更新

Since this answer is getting some attention, I'm adding some explanation.

由于这个答案引起了一些关注，我添加了一些解释。

The solution provided will essentially replace everything except A-Z, a-z, 0-9, & - (hyphen) with - (hyphen). So, it won't work properly with other unicode characters (which are valid characters for a URL slug/string). A common scenario is when the input string contains non-English characters.

提供的解决方案将基本上用 -（连字符）替换除 AZ、az、0-9、& -（连字符）之外的所有内容。因此，它不能与其他 unicode 字符（它们是 URL slug/string 的有效字符）一起正常工作。一种常见的情况是输入字符串包含非英文字符。

Only use this solution if you're confident that the input string won't have unicode characters which you might want to be a part of output/slug.

仅当您确信输入字符串不会包含您可能希望成为输出/slug 的一部分的 unicode 字符时才使用此解决方案。

Eg. "???? ?????" will become "----------" (all hyphens) instead of "????-?????" (valid URL slug).

例如。“？？？？？？？？？？？？” 将变成“----------”（所有连字符）而不是“????-???????” （有效的 URL slug）。

Original Answer

原答案

How about...

怎么样...

$slug = strtolower(trim(preg_replace('/[^A-Za-z0-9-]+/', '-', $string)));

?

?

回答by hdogan

If you have intlextension installed, you can use Transliterator::transliteratefunction to create a slug easily.

如果您安装了intl扩展，您可以使用Transliterator::transliterate函数轻松创建一个 slug。

<?php
$string = 'Namnet p? bildt?vlingen';
$slug = \Transliterator::createFromRules(
    ':: Any-Latin;'
    . ':: NFD;'
    . ':: [:Nonspacing Mark:] Remove;'
    . ':: NFC;'
    . ':: [:Punctuation:] Remove;'
    . ':: Lower();'
    . '[:Separator:] > \'-\''
)
    ->transliterate( $string );
echo $slug; // namnet-pa-bildtavlingen
?>

回答by Imran Omar Bukhsh

Note: I have taken this from wordpress and it works!!

注意：我是从 wordpress 中获取的，它有效！！

Use it like this:

像这样使用它：

echo sanitize('testing this link');

Code

代码

//taken from wordpress
function utf8_uri_encode( $utf8_string, $length = 0 ) {
    $unicode = '';
    $values = array();
    $num_octets = 1;
    $unicode_length = 0;

    $string_length = strlen( $utf8_string );
    for ($i = 0; $i < $string_length; $i++ ) {

        $value = ord( $utf8_string[ $i ] );

        if ( $value < 128 ) {
            if ( $length && ( $unicode_length >= $length ) )
                break;
            $unicode .= chr($value);
            $unicode_length++;
        } else {
            if ( count( $values ) == 0 ) $num_octets = ( $value < 224 ) ? 2 : 3;

            $values[] = $value;

            if ( $length && ( $unicode_length + ($num_octets * 3) ) > $length )
                break;
            if ( count( $values ) == $num_octets ) {
                if ($num_octets == 3) {
                    $unicode .= '%' . dechex($values[0]) . '%' . dechex($values[1]) . '%' . dechex($values[2]);
                    $unicode_length += 9;
                } else {
                    $unicode .= '%' . dechex($values[0]) . '%' . dechex($values[1]);
                    $unicode_length += 6;
                }

                $values = array();
                $num_octets = 1;
            }
        }
    }

    return $unicode;
}

//taken from wordpress
function seems_utf8($str) {
    $length = strlen($str);
    for ($i=0; $i < $length; $i++) {
        $c = ord($str[$i]);
        if ($c < 0x80) $n = 0; # 0bbbbbbb
        elseif (($c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) $n=1; # 110bbbbb
        elseif (($c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) $n=2; # 1110bbbb
        elseif (($c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) $n=3; # 11110bbb
        elseif (($c & 0xFC) == 0xF8) $n=4; # 111110bb
        elseif (($c & 0xFE) == 0xFC) $n=5; # 1111110b
        else return false; # Does not match any model
        for ($j=0; $j<$n; $j++) { # n bytes matching 10bbbbbb follow ?
            if ((++$i == $length) || ((ord($str[$i]) & 0xC0) != 0x80))
                return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

//function sanitize_title_with_dashes taken from wordpress
function sanitize($title) {
    $title = strip_tags($title);
    // Preserve escaped octets.
    $title = preg_replace('|%([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])|', '------', $title);
    // Remove percent signs that are not part of an octet.
    $title = str_replace('%', '', $title);
    // Restore octets.
    $title = preg_replace('|---([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])---|', '%', $title);

    if (seems_utf8($title)) {
        if (function_exists('mb_strtolower')) {
            $title = mb_strtolower($title, 'UTF-8');
        }
        $title = utf8_uri_encode($title, 200);
    }

    $title = strtolower($title);
    $title = preg_replace('/&.+?;/', '', $title); // kill entities
    $title = str_replace('.', '-', $title);
    $title = preg_replace('/[^%a-z0-9 _-]/', '', $title);
    $title = preg_replace('/\s+/', '-', $title);
    $title = preg_replace('|-+|', '-', $title);
    $title = trim($title, '-');

    return $title;
}

回答by Vazgen Manukyan

It is always a good idea to use existing solutions that are being supported by a lot of high-level developers. The most popular one is https://github.com/cocur/slugify. First of all, it supports more than one language, and it is being updated.

使用许多高级开发人员支持的现有解决方案总是一个好主意。最受欢迎的是https://github.com/cocur/slugify。首先，它支持不止一种语言，并且正在更新中。

If you do not want to use the whole package, you can copy the part that you need.

如果您不想使用整个包，您可以复制您需要的部分。

回答by Baptiste Gaillard

Here is an other one, for example " Title with strange characters ééé A X Z" becomes "title-with-strange-characters-eee-a-x-z".

这是另一个，例如“带有奇怪字符 ééé AX Z 的标题”变为“title-with-strange-characters-eee-axz”。

/**
 * Function used to create a slug associated to an "ugly" string.
 *
 * @param string $string the string to transform.
 *
 * @return string the resulting slug.
 */
public static function createSlug($string) {

    $table = array(
            '?'=>'S', '?'=>'s', '?'=>'Dj', '?'=>'dj', '?'=>'Z', '?'=>'z', '?'=>'C', '?'=>'c', '?'=>'C', '?'=>'c',
            'à'=>'A', 'á'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'C', 'è'=>'E', 'é'=>'E',
            'ê'=>'E', '?'=>'E', 'ì'=>'I', 'í'=>'I', '?'=>'I', '?'=>'I', '?'=>'N', 'ò'=>'O', 'ó'=>'O', '?'=>'O',
            '?'=>'O', '?'=>'O', '?'=>'O', 'ù'=>'U', 'ú'=>'U', '?'=>'U', 'ü'=>'U', 'Y'=>'Y', 'T'=>'B', '?'=>'Ss',
            'à'=>'a', 'á'=>'a', 'a'=>'a', '?'=>'a', '?'=>'a', '?'=>'a', '?'=>'a', '?'=>'c', 'è'=>'e', 'é'=>'e',
            'ê'=>'e', '?'=>'e', 'ì'=>'i', 'í'=>'i', '?'=>'i', '?'=>'i', 'e'=>'o', '?'=>'n', 'ò'=>'o', 'ó'=>'o',
            '?'=>'o', '?'=>'o', '?'=>'o', '?'=>'o', 'ù'=>'u', 'ú'=>'u', '?'=>'u', 'y'=>'y', 'y'=>'y', 't'=>'b',
            '?'=>'y', '?'=>'R', '?'=>'r', '/' => '-', ' ' => '-'
    );

    // -- Remove duplicated spaces
    $stripped = preg_replace(array('/\s{2,}/', '/[\t\n]/'), ' ', $string);

    // -- Returns the slug
    return strtolower(strtr($string, $table));


}

回答by czerasz

An updated version of @Imran Omar Bukhsh code (from the latest Wordpress (4.0) branch):

@Imran Omar Bukhsh 代码的更新版本（来自最新的 Wordpress (4.0) 分支）：

<?php

// Add methods to slugify taken from Wordpress:
// - https://github.com/WordPress/WordPress/blob/master/wp-includes/formatting.php 
// - https://github.com/WordPress/WordPress/blob/master/wp-includes/functions.php

/**
 * Set the mbstring internal encoding to a binary safe encoding when func_overload
 * is enabled.
 *
 * When mbstring.func_overload is in use for multi-byte encodings, the results from
 * strlen() and similar functions respect the utf8 characters, causing binary data
 * to return incorrect lengths.
 *
 * This function overrides the mbstring encoding to a binary-safe encoding, and
 * resets it to the users expected encoding afterwards through the
 * `reset_mbstring_encoding` function.
 *
 * It is safe to recursively call this function, however each
 * `mbstring_binary_safe_encoding()` call must be followed up with an equal number
 * of `reset_mbstring_encoding()` calls.
 *
 * @since 3.7.0
 *
 * @see reset_mbstring_encoding()
 *
 * @param bool $reset Optional. Whether to reset the encoding back to a previously-set encoding.
 *                    Default false.
 */
function mbstring_binary_safe_encoding( $reset = false ) {
  static $encodings = array();
  static $overloaded = null;

  if ( is_null( $overloaded ) )
    $overloaded = function_exists( 'mb_internal_encoding' ) && ( ini_get( 'mbstring.func_overload' ) & 2 );

  if ( false === $overloaded )
    return;

  if ( ! $reset ) {
    $encoding = mb_internal_encoding();
    array_push( $encodings, $encoding );
    mb_internal_encoding( 'ISO-8859-1' );
  }

  if ( $reset && $encodings ) {
    $encoding = array_pop( $encodings );
    mb_internal_encoding( $encoding );
  }
}

/**
 * Reset the mbstring internal encoding to a users previously set encoding.
 *
 * @see mbstring_binary_safe_encoding()
 *
 * @since 3.7.0
 */
function reset_mbstring_encoding() {
  mbstring_binary_safe_encoding( true );
}


/**
 * Checks to see if a string is utf8 encoded.
 *
 * NOTE: This function checks for 5-Byte sequences, UTF8
 *       has Bytes Sequences with a maximum length of 4.
 *
 * @author bmorel at ssi dot fr (modified)
 * @since 1.2.1
 *
 * @param string $str The string to be checked
 * @return bool True if $str fits a UTF-8 model, false otherwise.
 */
function seems_utf8($str) {
  mbstring_binary_safe_encoding();
  $length = strlen($str);
  reset_mbstring_encoding();
  for ($i=0; $i < $length; $i++) {
    $c = ord($str[$i]);
    if ($c < 0x80) $n = 0; # 0bbbbbbb
    elseif (($c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) $n=1; # 110bbbbb
    elseif (($c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) $n=2; # 1110bbbb
    elseif (($c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) $n=3; # 11110bbb
    elseif (($c & 0xFC) == 0xF8) $n=4; # 111110bb
    elseif (($c & 0xFE) == 0xFC) $n=5; # 1111110b
    else return false; # Does not match any model
    for ($j=0; $j<$n; $j++) { # n bytes matching 10bbbbbb follow ?
      if ((++$i == $length) || ((ord($str[$i]) & 0xC0) != 0x80))
        return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}


/**
 * Encode the Unicode values to be used in the URI.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @param string $utf8_string
 * @param int $length Max length of the string
 * @return string String with Unicode encoded for URI.
 */
function utf8_uri_encode( $utf8_string, $length = 0 ) {
  $unicode = '';
  $values = array();
  $num_octets = 1;
  $unicode_length = 0;

  mbstring_binary_safe_encoding();
  $string_length = strlen( $utf8_string );
  reset_mbstring_encoding();

  for ($i = 0; $i < $string_length; $i++ ) {

    $value = ord( $utf8_string[ $i ] );

    if ( $value < 128 ) {
      if ( $length && ( $unicode_length >= $length ) )
        break;
      $unicode .= chr($value);
      $unicode_length++;
    } else {
      if ( count( $values ) == 0 ) $num_octets = ( $value < 224 ) ? 2 : 3;

      $values[] = $value;

      if ( $length && ( $unicode_length + ($num_octets * 3) ) > $length )
        break;
      if ( count( $values ) == $num_octets ) {
        if ($num_octets == 3) {
          $unicode .= '%' . dechex($values[0]) . '%' . dechex($values[1]) . '%' . dechex($values[2]);
          $unicode_length += 9;
        } else {
          $unicode .= '%' . dechex($values[0]) . '%' . dechex($values[1]);
          $unicode_length += 6;
        }

        $values = array();
        $num_octets = 1;
      }
    }
  }

  return $unicode;
}


/**
 * Sanitizes a title, replacing whitespace and a few other characters with dashes.
 *
 * Limits the output to alphanumeric characters, underscore (_) and dash (-).
 * Whitespace becomes a dash.
 *
 * @since 1.2.0
 *
 * @param string $title The title to be sanitized.
 * @param string $raw_title Optional. Not used.
 * @param string $context Optional. The operation for which the string is sanitized.
 * @return string The sanitized title.
 */
function sanitize_title_with_dashes( $title, $raw_title = '', $context = 'display' ) {
  $title = strip_tags($title);
  // Preserve escaped octets.
  $title = preg_replace('|%([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])|', '------', $title);
  // Remove percent signs that are not part of an octet.
  $title = str_replace('%', '', $title);
  // Restore octets.
  $title = preg_replace('|---([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])---|', '%', $title);

  if (seems_utf8($title)) {
    if (function_exists('mb_strtolower')) {
      $title = mb_strtolower($title, 'UTF-8');
    }
    $title = utf8_uri_encode($title, 200);
  }

  $title = strtolower($title);
  $title = preg_replace('/&.+?;/', '', $title); // kill entities
  $title = str_replace('.', '-', $title);

  if ( 'save' == $context ) {
    // Convert nbsp, ndash and mdash to hyphens
    $title = str_replace( array( '%c2%a0', '%e2%80%93', '%e2%80%94' ), '-', $title );

    // Strip these characters entirely
    $title = str_replace( array(
      // iexcl and iquest
      '%c2%a1', '%c2%bf',
      // angle quotes
      '%c2%ab', '%c2%bb', '%e2%80%b9', '%e2%80%ba',
      // curly quotes
      '%e2%80%98', '%e2%80%99', '%e2%80%9c', '%e2%80%9d',
      '%e2%80%9a', '%e2%80%9b', '%e2%80%9e', '%e2%80%9f',
      // copy, reg, deg, hellip and trade
      '%c2%a9', '%c2%ae', '%c2%b0', '%e2%80%a6', '%e2%84%a2',
      // acute accents
      '%c2%b4', '%cb%8a', '%cc%81', '%cd%81',
      // grave accent, macron, caron
      '%cc%80', '%cc%84', '%cc%8c',
    ), '', $title );

    // Convert times to x
    $title = str_replace( '%c3%97', 'x', $title );
  }

  $title = preg_replace('/[^%a-z0-9 _-]/', '', $title);
  $title = preg_replace('/\s+/', '-', $title);
  $title = preg_replace('|-+|', '-', $title);
  $title = trim($title, '-');

  return $title;
}

$title = '#PFW Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 2015';
echo "title -> slug: \n". $title ." -> ". sanitize_title_with_dashes($title);
echo "\n\n";
$title = '?GQ?: Elyas M\'Barek geh?rt zu M?nnern des Jahres';
echo "title -> slug: \n". $title ." -> ". sanitize_title_with_dashes($title);

View online example.

查看在线示例。

回答by Nady Shalaby

public static function slugify ($text) {

    $replace = [
        '<' => '', '>' => '', ''' => '', '&' => '',
        '"' => '', 'à' => 'A', 'á' => 'A', '?' => 'A', '?' => 'A', '?'=> 'Ae',
        'Ä' => 'A', '?' => 'A', 'ā' => 'A', '?' => 'A', '?' => 'A', '?' => 'Ae',
        '?' => 'C', '?' => 'C', '?' => 'C', '?' => 'C', '?' => 'C', '?' => 'D', '?' => 'D',
        'D' => 'D', 'è' => 'E', 'é' => 'E', 'ê' => 'E', '?' => 'E', 'ē' => 'E',
        '?' => 'E', 'ě' => 'E', '?' => 'E', '?' => 'E', '?' => 'G', '?' => 'G',
        '?' => 'G', '?' => 'G', '?' => 'H', '?' => 'H', 'ì' => 'I', 'í' => 'I',
        '?' => 'I', '?' => 'I', 'ī' => 'I', '?' => 'I', '?' => 'I', '?' => 'I',
        '?' => 'I', '?' => 'IJ', '?' => 'J', '?' => 'K', '?' => 'K', '?' => 'K',
        '?' => 'K', '?' => 'K', '?' => 'K', '?' => 'N', '?' => 'N', '?' => 'N',
        '?' => 'N', '?' => 'N', 'ò' => 'O', 'ó' => 'O', '?' => 'O', '?' => 'O',
        '?' => 'Oe', 'Ö' => 'Oe', '?' => 'O', 'ō' => 'O', '?' => 'O', '?' => 'O',
        '?' => 'OE', '?' => 'R', '?' => 'R', '?' => 'R', '?' => 'S', '?' => 'S',
        '?' => 'S', '?' => 'S', '?' => 'S', '?' => 'T', '?' => 'T', '?' => 'T',
        '?' => 'T', 'ù' => 'U', 'ú' => 'U', '?' => 'U', 'ü' => 'Ue', 'ū' => 'U',
        'Ü' => 'Ue', '?' => 'U', '?' => 'U', '?' => 'U', '?' => 'U', '?' => 'U',
        '?' => 'W', 'Y' => 'Y', '?' => 'Y', '?' => 'Y', '?' => 'Z', '?' => 'Z',
        '?' => 'Z', 'T' => 'T', 'à' => 'a', 'á' => 'a', 'a' => 'a', '?' => 'a',
        '?' => 'ae', 'ä' => 'ae', '?' => 'a', 'ā' => 'a', '?' => 'a', '?' => 'a',
        '?' => 'ae', '?' => 'c', '?' => 'c', '?' => 'c', '?' => 'c', '?' => 'c',
        '?' => 'd', '?' => 'd', 'e' => 'd', 'è' => 'e', 'é' => 'e', 'ê' => 'e',
        '?' => 'e', 'ē' => 'e', '?' => 'e', 'ě' => 'e', '?' => 'e', '?' => 'e',
        '?' => 'f', '?' => 'g', '?' => 'g', '?' => 'g', '?' => 'g', '?' => 'h',
        '?' => 'h', 'ì' => 'i', 'í' => 'i', '?' => 'i', '?' => 'i', 'ī' => 'i',
        '?' => 'i', '?' => 'i', '?' => 'i', '?' => 'i', '?' => 'ij', '?' => 'j',
        '?' => 'k', '?' => 'k', '?' => 'l', '?' => 'l', '?' => 'l', '?' => 'l',
        '?' => 'l', '?' => 'n', 'ń' => 'n', 'ň' => 'n', '?' => 'n', '?' => 'n',
        '?' => 'n', 'ò' => 'o', 'ó' => 'o', '?' => 'o', '?' => 'o', '?' => 'oe',
        'ö' => 'oe', '?' => 'o', 'ō' => 'o', '?' => 'o', '?' => 'o', '?' => 'oe',
        '?' => 'r', '?' => 'r', '?' => 'r', '?' => 's', 'ù' => 'u', 'ú' => 'u',
        '?' => 'u', 'ü' => 'ue', 'ū' => 'u', 'ü' => 'ue', '?' => 'u', '?' => 'u',
        '?' => 'u', '?' => 'u', '?' => 'u', '?' => 'w', 'y' => 'y', '?' => 'y',
        '?' => 'y', '?' => 'z', '?' => 'z', '?' => 'z', 't' => 't', '?' => 'ss',
        '?' => 'ss', 'ый' => 'iy', 'А' => 'A', 'Б' => 'B', 'В' => 'V', 'Г' => 'G',
        'Д' => 'D', 'Е' => 'E', 'Ё' => 'YO', 'Ж' => 'ZH', 'З' => 'Z', 'И' => 'I',
        'Й' => 'Y', 'К' => 'K', 'Л' => 'L', 'М' => 'M', 'Н' => 'N', 'О' => 'O',
        'П' => 'P', 'Р' => 'R', 'С' => 'S', 'Т' => 'T', 'У' => 'U', 'Ф' => 'F',
        'Х' => 'H', 'Ц' => 'C', 'Ч' => 'CH', 'Ш' => 'SH', 'Щ' => 'SCH', 'Ъ' => '',
        'Ы' => 'Y', 'Ь' => '', 'Э' => 'E', 'Ю' => 'YU', 'Я' => 'YA', 'а' => 'a',
        'б' => 'b', 'в' => 'v', 'г' => 'g', 'д' => 'd', 'е' => 'e', 'ё' => 'yo',
        'ж' => 'zh', 'з' => 'z', 'и' => 'i', 'й' => 'y', 'к' => 'k', 'л' => 'l',
        'м' => 'm', 'н' => 'n', 'о' => 'o', 'п' => 'p', 'р' => 'r', 'с' => 's',
        'т' => 't', 'у' => 'u', 'ф' => 'f', 'х' => 'h', 'ц' => 'c', 'ч' => 'ch',
        'ш' => 'sh', 'щ' => 'sch', 'ъ' => '', 'ы' => 'y', 'ь' => '', 'э' => 'e',
        'ю' => 'yu', 'я' => 'ya'
    ];

    // make a human readable string
    $text = strtr($text, $replace);

    // replace non letter or digits by -
    $text = preg_replace('~[^\pL\d.]+~u', '-', $text);

    // trim
    $text = trim($text, '-');

    // remove unwanted characters
    $text = preg_replace('~[^-\w.]+~', '', $text);

    $text = strtolower($text);

    return $text;
}

回答by Mladen Janjetovic

I am using:

我在用：

function slugify($text)
{ 
    $text = iconv('utf-8', 'us-ascii//TRANSLIT', $text);
    return strtolower(preg_replace('/[^A-Za-z0-9-]+/', '-', $text));
}

Only fallback is that Cyrillic characters will not be converted, and I am searching now for solution that is not long str_replace for every single Cyrillic character.

唯一的后备是西里尔字符不会被转换，我现在正在寻找对于每个单独的西里尔字符都不长 str_replace 的解决方案。

回答by Entendu

Don't use preg_replace for this. There's a php function built just for the task: strtr() http://php.net/manual/en/function.strtr.php

不要为此使用 preg_replace。有一个专为该任务构建的 php 函数：strtr() http://php.net/manual/en/function.strtr.php

Taken from the comments in the above link (and I tested it myself; it works:

摘自上述链接中的评论（我自己测试过；它有效：

function normalize ($string) {
    $table = array(
        '?'=>'S', '?'=>'s', '?'=>'Dj', '?'=>'dj', '?'=>'Z', '?'=>'z', '?'=>'C', '?'=>'c', '?'=>'C', '?'=>'c',
        'à'=>'A', 'á'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'A', '?'=>'C', 'è'=>'E', 'é'=>'E',
        'ê'=>'E', '?'=>'E', 'ì'=>'I', 'í'=>'I', '?'=>'I', '?'=>'I', '?'=>'N', 'ò'=>'O', 'ó'=>'O', '?'=>'O',
        '?'=>'O', '?'=>'O', '?'=>'O', 'ù'=>'U', 'ú'=>'U', '?'=>'U', 'ü'=>'U', 'Y'=>'Y', 'T'=>'B', '?'=>'Ss',
        'à'=>'a', 'á'=>'a', 'a'=>'a', '?'=>'a', '?'=>'a', '?'=>'a', '?'=>'a', '?'=>'c', 'è'=>'e', 'é'=>'e',
        'ê'=>'e', '?'=>'e', 'ì'=>'i', 'í'=>'i', '?'=>'i', '?'=>'i', 'e'=>'o', '?'=>'n', 'ò'=>'o', 'ó'=>'o',
        '?'=>'o', '?'=>'o', '?'=>'o', '?'=>'o', 'ù'=>'u', 'ú'=>'u', '?'=>'u', 'y'=>'y', 'y'=>'y', 't'=>'b',
        '?'=>'y', '?'=>'R', '?'=>'r',
    );

    return strtr($string, $table);
}