尝试为 python (psycopg2) 安装 Postgres 时出错

Error trying to install Postgres for python (psycopg2)

提问by Apostolos

I tried to install psycopg2 to my environment, but I get the following error:

我尝试将 psycopg2 安装到我的环境中，但出现以下错误：

(venv)avlahop@apostolos-laptop:~/development/django/rhombus-dental$ sudo pip install psycopg2
Downloading/unpacking psycopg2,
Downloading psycopg2-2.5.2.tar.gz (685kB): 685kB downloaded
Running setup.py egg_info for package psycopg2

Installing collected packages: psycopg2
  Running setup.py install for psycopg2
    building 'psycopg2._psycopg' extension
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.5.2 (dt dec pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x09010D -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.7 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/9.1/server -c psycopg/psycopgmodule.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg/psycopgmodule.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    In file included from psycopg/psycopgmodule.c:27:0:
    ./psycopg/psycopg.h:30:20: fatal error: Python.h: Δεν υπ?ρχει τ?τοιο αρχε?ο ? κατ?λογο?
     #include <Python.h>
                    ^
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
    Complete output from command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/tmp/pip_build_root/psycopg2/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-SgfQCA-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed:
running install

running build

running build_py

creating build

creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7

creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/pool.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/errorcodes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/_json.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/_range.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/extensions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/psycopg1.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/tz.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/extras.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/testconfig.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copyng tests/test_bug_gc.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_dates.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_copy.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_cancel.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_bugX000.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_extras_dictcursor.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_psycopg2_dbapi20.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_types_basic.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_async.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_lobject.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_cursor.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_with.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_types_extras.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/testutils.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_notify.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_green.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_quote.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_connection.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_transaction.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/dbapi20.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_module.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/dbapi20_tpc.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

running build_ext

building 'psycopg2._psycopg' extension

creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7

creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg

x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.5.2 (dt dec pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x09010D -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.7 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/9.1/server -c psycopg/psycopgmodule.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg/psycopgmodule.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement

In file included from psycopg/psycopgmodule.c:27:0:

./psycopg/psycopg.h:30:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
 #include <Python.h>

                ^

compilation terminated.

error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

----------------------------------------
Cleaning up...
Command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/tmp/pip_build_root/psycopg2/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-SgfQCA-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_root/psycopg2
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/pip", line 9, in <module>
    load_entry_point('pip==1.4.1', 'console_scripts', 'pip')()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 148, in main
    return command.main(args[1:], options)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 169, in main
    text = '\n'.join(complete_log)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xce in position 54: ordinal not in range(128)

I also get errors trying to install gunicorn. I followed thisexample here but nothing. My virtual environment was created using the --no-site-packagesflag. I use ubuntu 13.10 and greek environment. Maybe it's that?

我在尝试安装 gunicorn 时也遇到错误。我在这里遵循了这个例子，但没有。我的虚拟环境是使用该--no-site-packages标志创建的。我使用 ubuntu 13.10 和希腊语环境。也许是这样？

采纳答案by lanzz

The python-devpackage is required for compilation of Python extensions written in C or C++, like psycopg2. If you're running a Debian-based distribution (e.g. Ubuntu), you can install python-devby running

该python-dev包是编译用 C 或 C++ 编写的 Python 扩展所必需的，例如psycopg2. 如果您运行的是基于 Debian 的发行版（例如 Ubuntu），则可以python-dev通过运行进行安装

sudo apt install python-dev

or

或者

sudo apt install python3-dev

depending on your python version (for example, sudo apt install python3.8-dev).

取决于您的 Python 版本（例如，sudo apt install python3.8-dev）。

After that, proceed to install psycopg2in your virtualenvenvironment as usual.

之后，像往常一样继续psycopg2在您的virtualenv环境中安装。

回答by sandino

First of all install python-dev

首先安装python-dev

sudo apt-get install python-dev

And to adecuate use try this:

并适当使用试试这个：

This is to do with the encoding of your terminal not being set to UTF-8. Here is my terminal:

这与您的终端的编码未设置为 UTF-8 有关。这是我的终端：

$ echo $LANG
es_UY.UTF-8
$ python
Python 2.7.3 (default, Apr 20 2012, 22:39:59) 
[GCC 4.6.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> s = '(\xef\xbd\xa1\xef\xbd\xa5\xcf\x89\xef\xbd\xa5\xef\xbd\xa1)\xef\xbe\x89'
>>> s1 = s.decode('utf-8')
>>> print s1
(??ω??)?
>>> 

If I unset I got the same error you got:

如果我取消设置，我会遇到与您相同的错误：

$ unset LANG
$ python
Python 2.7.3 (default, Apr 20 2012, 22:39:59) 
[GCC 4.6.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> s = '(\xef\xbd\xa1\xef\xbd\xa5\xcf\x89\xef\xbd\xa5\xef\xbd\xa1)\xef\xbe\x89'
>>> s1 = s.decode('utf-8')
>>> print s1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 1-5: ordinal not in range(128)
>>> 

回答by Sergio Morstabilini

In my case (ubuntu 12.04 with python 2.7 and python 3.4 installed)

在我的情况下（安装了 python 2.7 和 python 3.4 的 ubuntu 12.04）

sudo apt-get install python3-dev 

was not enough. What did the trick was

还不够。诀窍是什么

sudo apt-get install python3.4-dev

回答by neciu

For Ubuntu 14.04, from Docker image python:3.4.3-slimthis combination worked for me:

对于Ubuntu 14.04，从 Docker 镜像python:3.4.3-slim这个组合对我有用：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential
sudo apt-get install -y python3.4-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libpq-dev

pip3 install psycopg2

Note build-essentialpackage. It was crucial in my case.

注意build-essential包。这对我来说至关重要。

回答by Paul Kenjora

Debian:

Debian：

sudo apt-get install gcc

回答by Nik

For the latest Python 3.7 I had to install python3.7-dev:

对于最新的 Python 3.7，我必须安装python3.7-dev：

sudo apt-get install -y python3.7-dev

sudo apt-get install -y python3.7-dev

回答by Shawnzam

On Amazon Linux within a python3 venvI had to do the following:

在python3 venv 中的Amazon Linux 上，我必须执行以下操作：

sudo yum install python3-devel postgresql-devel
pip install psycopg2