bash 如何使用 ls 列出以数字结尾的文件

How to use ls to list out files that end in numbers

提问by Classified

I'm not sure if I'm using regular expressions in bash correctly. I'm on a Centos system using bash shell. In our log directory, there are log files with digits appended to them, i.e.

我不确定我是否在 bash 中正确使用了正则表达式。我在使用 bash shell 的 Centos 系统上。在我们的日志目录中，有一些附加了数字的日志文件，即

stream.log
stream.log.1
stream.log.2 
...
stream.log.nnn  

Unfortunately there are also log files with the new naming convention,

不幸的是，还有具有新命名约定的日志文件，

stream.log.2014-02-14 
stream.log.2014-02-13

I need to get files with the old log file naming format. I found something that works but I'm wondering if there's another more elegant way to do this.

我需要获取具有旧日志文件命名格式的文件。我发现了一些有效的方法，但我想知道是否有另一种更优雅的方法来做到这一点。

ls -v stream.log* | grep -v 2014

I don't know how regular expressions work in bash and/or what command (other than possibly grep) to pipe output to. The cmd/regex I was thinking of is something like this:

我不知道正则表达式在 bash 中是如何工作的和/或什么命令（可能是 grep 除外）将输出通过管道传输到。我想到的 cmd/regex 是这样的：

ls -v stream.log(\.\d{0,2})+

Not surprisingly, this didn't work. Maybe my logic is incorrect but I wanted to say from the cmdline list files with the name stream.log with an optional .xyz at the end where xyz={1..999} is appended at the end. Please let me know if this is doable or if the solution I came up with is the only way to do something like this. Thanks in advance for your help.

毫不奇怪，这行不通。也许我的逻辑是不正确的，但我想从名为 stream.log 的 cmdline 列表文件中说出来，末尾有一个可选的 .xyz，其中 xyz={1..999} 附加在末尾。请让我知道这是否可行，或者我想出的解决方案是否是执行此类操作的唯一方法。在此先感谢您的帮助。

EDIT: Thanks for everyone's prompt comments and reply. I just wanted to bring up that there's also a file called stream.logthat doesn't any digits appended to it that also needs to make it into my lslisting. I tried the tips in the comment and answer and they work but it leaves out that file.

编辑：感谢大家的及时评论和回复。我只是想提出还有一个名为的文件stream.log，它没有附加任何数字，也需要将其添加到我的ls列表中。我尝试了评论和答案中的提示，它们有效，但它遗漏了该文件。

回答by Reinstate Monica Please

You can do this with extended pattern matching in bash, e.g.

您可以使用bash 中的扩展模式匹配来做到这一点，例如

> shopt -s extglob
> ls *'.'+([0-9])

Where

在哪里

+(pattern-list)
     Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns

And other useful syntaxes.

以及其他有用的语法。

?(pattern-list)
     Matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns
*(pattern-list)
     Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns
@(pattern-list)
     Matches one of the given patterns
!(pattern-list)
     Matches anything except one of the given patterns

Alternatively without extended pattern matching could use a less neat solution

或者没有扩展模式匹配可以使用不太整洁的解决方案

ls *'.'{1..1000} 2>dev/null

And replace 1000 with some larger number if you have a lot of log files. Though I would prefer the grepoption to this one.

如果您有很多日志文件，请将 1000 替换为更大的数字。虽然我更喜欢grep选项而不是这个选项。

回答by kbshimmyo

An approach using sed:

一种使用方法sed：

ls -v stream.log* | sed -nE '/log(\.[0-9]+)?$/p'

and one using egrep:

一个使用egrep：

ls -v stream.log* | egrep 'log(\.[0-9]+)?$'

These print out lines that end in "log" and optionally a period and any positive number of digits, followed by the end of the line.

这些打印出以“log”结尾的行以及可选的句点和任何正数的数字，然后是行的结尾。

回答by Kevin

You can this much more simply by just focusing on the dash '-' in the old logfile format. Here is the minimal version:

只需关注旧日志文件格式中的破折号“-”，您就可以更简单地做到这一点。这是最小版本：

ls *-*

This may be a little safer if there are different types of logfiles in the same directory:

如果同一目录中有不同类型的日志文件，这可能会更安全一些：

ls stream.log.*-*

To ensure that you get the one extra file, it does not make sense to generate a confusing regex that will fit it - just include it on the ls line:

为了确保你得到一个额外的文件，生成一个适合它的令人困惑的正则表达式是没有意义的 - 只需将它包含在 ls 行中：

ls stream.log stream.log.*-*

回答by BMW

refer @BroSlow's answer, here is the fix which will include stream.log as well.

参考@BroSlow 的回答，这里是包含 stream.log 的修复程序。

shopt -s extglob
ls stream.log*(.)*([0-9])

stream.log  stream.log.1  stream.log.2