如何将文本文件资源读入 Java 单元测试？
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How to read a text-file resource into Java unit test?
提问by yegor256
I have a unit test that needs to work with XML file located in src/test/resources/abc.xml. What is the easiest way just to get the content of the file into String?
我有一个单元测试需要使用位于src/test/resources/abc.xml. 将文件内容放入的最简单方法是String什么？
采纳答案by yegor256
Finally I found a neat solution, thanks to Apache Commons:
最后我找到了一个巧妙的解决方案，感谢Apache Commons：
package com.example;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
public class FooTest {
@Test
public void shouldWork() throws Exception {
String xml = IOUtils.toString(
this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("abc.xml"),
"UTF-8"
);
}
}
Works perfectly. File src/test/resources/com/example/abc.xmlis loaded (I'm using Maven).
完美运行。文件src/test/resources/com/example/abc.xml已加载（我正在使用 Maven）。
If you replace "abc.xml"with, say, "/foo/test.xml", this resource will be loaded: src/test/resources/foo/test.xml
如果您替换"abc.xml"为，例如"/foo/test.xml"，此资源将被加载：src/test/resources/foo/test.xml
You can also use Cactoos:
您还可以使用Cactoos：
package com.example;
import org.cactoos.io.ResourceOf;
import org.cactoos.io.TextOf;
public class FooTest {
@Test
public void shouldWork() throws Exception {
String xml = new TextOf(
new ResourceOf("/com/example/abc.xml") // absolute path always!
).asString();
}
}
回答by Kirk Woll
First make sure that abc.xmlis being copied to your output directory. Then you should use getResourceAsStream():
首先确保abc.xml正在将其复制到您的输出目录。那么你应该使用getResourceAsStream()：
InputStream inputStream =
Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test/resources/abc.xml");
Once you have the InputStream, you just need to convert it into a string. This resource spells it out: http://www.kodejava.org/examples/266.html. However, I'll excerpt the relevent code:
拥有 InputStream 后，您只需要将其转换为字符串。该资源详细说明：http: //www.kodejava.org/examples/266.html。但是，我将摘录相关代码：
public String convertStreamToString(InputStream is) throws IOException {
if (is != null) {
Writer writer = new StringWriter();
char[] buffer = new char[1024];
try {
Reader reader = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));
int n;
while ((n = reader.read(buffer)) != -1) {
writer.write(buffer, 0, n);
}
} finally {
is.close();
}
return writer.toString();
} else {
return "";
}
}
回答by Glen Best
Assume UTF8 encoding in file - if not, just leave out the "UTF8" argument & will use the default charset for the underlying operating system in each case.
假设文件中的 UTF8 编码 - 如果不是，只需省略“UTF8”参数并在每种情况下使用底层操作系统的默认字符集。
Quick way in JSE 6 - Simple & no 3rd party library!
JSE 6 中的快速方法 - 简单且没有 3rd 方库！
import java.io.File;
public class FooTest {
@Test public void readXMLToString() throws Exception {
java.net.URL url = MyClass.class.getResource("test/resources/abc.xml");
//Z means: "The end of the input but for the final terminator, if any"
String xml = new java.util.Scanner(new File(url.toURI()),"UTF8").useDelimiter("\Z").next();
}
}
Quick way in JSE 7
JSE 7 中的快捷方式
public class FooTest {
@Test public void readXMLToString() throws Exception {
java.net.URL url = MyClass.class.getResource("test/resources/abc.xml");
java.nio.file.Path resPath = java.nio.file.Paths.get(url.toURI());
String xml = new String(java.nio.file.Files.readAllBytes(resPath), "UTF8");
}
Quick way since Java 9
自 Java 9 以来的快速方法
new String(getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(resourceName).readAllBytes());
Neither intended for enormous files though.
不过，两者都不打算用于巨大的文件。
回答by Guido Celada
You can try doing:
你可以尝试这样做：
String myResource = IOUtils.toString(this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("yourfile.xml")).replace("\n","");
回答by pablo.vix
Right to the point :
切入正题：
ClassLoader classLoader = getClass().getClassLoader();
File file = new File(classLoader.getResource("file/test.xml").getFile());
回答by Datageek
With the use of Google Guava:
使用谷歌番石榴：
import com.google.common.base.Charsets;
import com.google.common.io.Resources;
public String readResource(final String fileName, Charset charset) throws Exception {
try {
return Resources.toString(Resources.getResource(fileName), charset);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
}
}
Example:
例子：
String fixture = this.readResource("filename.txt", Charsets.UTF_8)
回答by ikryvorotenko
Here's what i used to get the text files with text. I used commons' IOUtils and guava's Resources.
这是我用来获取带有文本的文本文件的方法。我使用了 commons 的 IOUtils 和 guava 的 Resources。
public static String getString(String path) throws IOException {
try (InputStream stream = Resources.getResource(path).openStream()) {
return IOUtils.toString(stream);
}
}
回答by IgorGanapolsky
You can use a Junit Rule to create this temporary folder for your test:
您可以使用 Junit 规则为您的测试创建此临时文件夹：
@Rule public TemporaryFolder temporaryFolder = new TemporaryFolder();
File file = temporaryFolder.newFile(".src/test/resources/abc.xml");
@Rule public TemporaryFolder temporaryFolder = new TemporaryFolder();
File file = temporaryFolder.newFile(".src/test/resources/abc.xml");
