Linux tar/gzip 排除某些文件
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tar/gzip excluding certain files
提问by user1654183
I have a directory with many sub-directories. In some of those sub-directories I have files with *.ascextension and some with *.xdr.
我有一个包含许多子目录的目录。在其中一些子目录中，我的文件*.asc扩展名为*.xdr.
I want to create a SINGLE tarball/gzip file which maintains the directory structure but excludes all files with the *.xdrextension.
我想创建一个单一的 tarball/gzip 文件，它维护目录结构但排除所有带有*.xdr扩展名的文件。
How can I do this?
我怎样才能做到这一点？
I did something like find . -depth -name *.asc -exec gzip -r9 {} +but this gzips every *.ascfile individually which is not what I want to do.
我做了类似的事情，find . -depth -name *.asc -exec gzip -r9 {} +但这*.asc不是我想要做的，而是单独压缩每个文件。
采纳答案by Allolex
You need to use the --excludeoption:
您需要使用该--exclude选项：
tar -zc -f test.tar.gz --exclude='*.xdr' *
tar -zc -f test.tar.gz --exclude='*.xdr' *
回答by cars10m
gzip will always handle files individually. If you want a bundled archive you will have to tar the files first and then gzip the result, hence you will end up with a .tar.gz file or .tgz for short.
gzip 将始终单独处理文件。如果你想要一个捆绑的存档，你必须先对文件进行 tar 压缩，然后对结果进行 gzip，因此你最终会得到一个 .tar.gz 文件或简称 .tgz。
To get a better control over what you are doing, you can first findthe files using the command you already posted (with -print instead of the gzip command) and put them into a file, then use this file (=filelist.txt) to instruct tar with what to archive
为了更好地控制你在做什么，你可以首先find使用你已经发布的命令（使用 -print 而不是 gzip 命令）将文件放入一个文件中，然后使用这个文件（=filelist.txt）来指示 tar 要存档的内容
tar -T filelist.txt -c -v -f myarchive.tar
