正则表达式在 bash 中查找和复制（保留文件夹结构）？
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Regex find and copy in bash (preserving folder structure)?
提问by Jonathan Sternberg
I have a folder with a bunch of log files. Each set of log files is in a folder detailing the time and date that the program was run. Inside these log folders, I've got some video files that I want to extract. All I want is the video files, nothing else. I tried using this command to only copy the video files, but it didn't work because a directory didn't exist.
我有一个文件夹，里面有一堆日志文件。每组日志文件都在一个文件夹中，详细说明了程序运行的时间和日期。在这些日志文件夹中，我有一些要提取的视频文件。我想要的只是视频文件，没有别的。我尝试使用此命令仅复制视频文件，但它不起作用，因为目录不存在。
.rmv is the file extension of the files I want.
.rmv 是我想要的文件的文件扩展名。
$ find . -regex ".*\.rmv" -type f -exec cp '{}' /copy/to/here/'{}'
If I have a folder structure such as:
如果我有一个文件夹结构，例如：
|--root
|
|--folder1
| |
| |--file.rmv
|
|--folder2
|
|--file2.rmv
How can I get it to copy to copy/to/here with it copying the structure of folder1 and folder2 in the destination directory?
我怎样才能让它复制到复制/到/这里，并在目标目录中复制folder1和folder2的结构？
回答by K7g
cp has argument --parents so the shortest way to do what you want is:
cp 有参数 --parents 所以做你想做的最短方法是：
find root -name '*.rmv' -type f -exec cp --parents "{}" /copy/to/here \;
回答by martin clayton
The {}represents the full path of the found file, so your cpcommand evaluate to this sort of thing:
将{}让你的代表找到的文件的完整路径，cp命令评估为这样的事情：
cp /root/folder1/file.rmv /copy/to/here/root/folder1/file.rmv
If you just drop the second {}it will instead be
如果你只是放弃第二个{}，而是
cp /root/folder1/file.rmv /copy/to/here
the copy-file-to-directory form of cp, which should do the trick.
cp 的复制文件到目录形式，应该可以解决问题。
Also, instead of -regex, yor could just use the -nameoperand:
此外，您-regex可以只使用-name操作数，而不是：
find root -name '*.rmv' -type f -exec cp {} /copy/to/here \;
回答by martin clayton
Assuming srcis your rootand dstis your /copy/to/here
假设src是你的root，dst是你的/copy/to/here
#!/bin/sh
find . -name *.rmv | while read f
do
path=$(dirname "$f" | sed -re 's/src(\/)?/dst/')
echo "$f -> $path"
mkdir -p "$path"
cp "$f" "$path"
done
putting this in cp.shand running ./cp.shfrom the directory over root
将其放入cp.sh并./cp.sh从根目录运行
Output:
输出：
./src/folder1/file.rmv -> ./dst/folder1
./src/My File.rmv -> ./dst
./src/folder2/file2.rmv -> ./dst/folder2
EDIT: improved script version (thanks for the comment)
编辑：改进的脚本版本（感谢您的评论）
