php 如何每X分钟运行一次cronjob？
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How to run a cronjob every X minutes?
提问by Savan Paun
I'm running a PHP script in a cronjob and I want to send emails every 5 minutes
我在 cronjob 中运行 PHP 脚本，我想每 5 分钟发送一次电子邮件
My current (crontab) cronjob:
我当前的（crontab）cronjob：
10 * * * * /usr/bin/php /mydomain.in/cromail.php > /dev/null 2>&1
The cronmail.php is as follows:
cronmail.php 如下：
<?php
$from = 'D'; // sender
$subject = 'S';
$message = 'M';
$message = wordwrap($message, 70);
mail("[email protected]", $subject, $message, "From: $from\n");
?>
But I've not received an email in 30 minutes with this configuration.
但是我在 30 分钟内没有收到有关此配置的电子邮件。
回答by paxdiablo
In a crontabfile, the fields are:
在crontab文件中，字段是：
- minute of the hour.
- hour of the day.
- day of the month.
- month of the year.
- day of the week.
- 一小时的一分钟。
- 一天中的小时。
- 月中的一天。
- 一年中的一个月。
- 一周中的天。
So:
所以：
10 * * * * blah
means execute blahat 10 minutes past every hour.
表示blah每小时过去 10 分钟执行一次。
If you want every five minutes, use either:
如果您希望每五分钟一次，请使用：
*/5 * * * * blah
meaning every minute but only every fifth one, or:
意思是每分钟，但每五分之一，或：
0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55 * * * * blah
for older cronexecutables that don't understand the */xnotation.
对于cron不理解*/x符号的旧可执行文件。
If it stillseems to be not working after that, change the command to something like:
如果此后似乎仍然无法正常工作，请将命令更改为：
date >>/tmp/debug_cron_pax.txt
and monitor that file to ensure something's being written every five minutes. If so, there's something wrong with your PHP scripts. If not, there's something wrong with your crondaemon.
并监视该文件以确保每五分钟写入一次内容。如果是这样，则您的 PHP 脚本有问题。如果没有，则您的cron守护进程有问题。
回答by Gary Jones
Your CRON should look like this:
你的 CRON 应该是这样的：
*/5 * * * *
*/5 * * * *
CronWTFis really usefull when you need to test out your CRON settings.
当您需要测试 CRON 设置时，CronWTF非常有用。
Might be a good idea to pipe the output into a log file so you can see if your script is throwing any errors too - since you wont see them in your terminal.
将输出通过管道传输到日志文件中可能是个好主意，这样您就可以查看脚本是否也抛出任何错误 - 因为您不会在终端中看到它们。
Also try using a shebang at the top of your PHP file, so the system knows where to find PHP. Such as:
还可以尝试在 PHP 文件的顶部使用 shebang，以便系统知道在哪里可以找到 PHP。如：
#!/usr/bin/php
#!/usr/bin/php
that way you can call the whole thing like this
这样你就可以这样称呼整个事情
*/5 * * * * php /path/to/script.php > /path/to/logfile.log
*/5 * * * * php /path/to/script.php > /path/to/logfile.log
回答by Justinas
You are setting your cron to run on 10th minute in every hour.
To set it to every 5 minschange to */5 * * * * /usr/bin/php /mydomain.in/cronmail.php > /dev/null 2>&1
您将 cron 设置为每小时运行第 10 分钟。
将其设置为every 5 mins更改为*/5 * * * * /usr/bin/php /mydomain.in/cronmail.php > /dev/null 2>&1
回答by kvantour
If you want to run a cron every nminutes, there are a few possible options depending on the value of n.
如果您想每n分钟运行一次 cron ，根据 的值，有几个可能的选项n。
ndivides 60 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30)
n除以 60 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30)
Here, the solution is straightforward by making use of the /notation:
在这里，通过使用/符号，解决方案很简单：
# Example of job definition:
# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)
# | .------------- hour (0 - 23)
# | | .---------- day of month (1 - 31)
# | | | .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...
# | | | | .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7)
# | | | | |
# * * * * * command to be executed
m-59/n * * * * command
In the above, nrepresents the value nand mrepresents a value smaller than nor *. This will execute the command at the minutes m,m+n,m+2n,...
上式中，n表示值n，m表示小于n或的值*。这将在几分钟内执行命令m,m+n,m+2n,...
ndoes NOT divide 60
n不能除以 60
If ndoes not divide 60, you cannot do this cleanly with cron but it is possible. To do this you need to put a test in the cron where the test checks the time. This is best done when looking at the UNIX timestamp, the total seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC. Let's say we want to start to run the command the first time when Marty McFly arrived in Riverdale and then repeat it every nminutes later.
如果n不除以 60，则不能用 cron 干净利落地做到这一点，但这是可能的。为此，您需要在测试检查时间的 cron 中进行测试。最好在查看 UNIX 时间戳（自1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC. 假设我们想在 Marty McFly 到达 Riverdale 时第一次开始运行命令，然后每n分钟重复一次。
% date -d '2015-10-21 07:28:00' +%s
1445412480
For a cronjob to run every 42nd minute after `2015-10-21 07:28:00', the crontab would look like this:
对于42在“2015-10-21 07:28:00”之后每nd 分钟运行一次的 cronjob ，crontab 将如下所示：
# Example of job definition:
# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)
# | .------------- hour (0 - 23)
# | | .---------- day of month (1 - 31)
# | | | .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...
# | | | | .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7)
# | | | | |
# * * * * * command to be executed
* * * * * minutetestcmd "2015-10-21 07:28:00" 42 && command
with minutetestcmddefined as
与minutetestcmd定义为
#!/usr/bin/env bash
starttime=$(date -d "" "+%s")
# return UTC time
now=$(date "+%s")
# get the amount of minutes (using integer division to avoid lag)
minutes=$(( (now - starttime) / 60 ))
# set the modulo
modulo=
# do the test
(( now >= starttime )) && (( minutes % modulo == 0 ))
Remark:UNIX time is not influenced by leap seconds
备注：UNIX时间不受闰秒影响
Remark:cronhas no sub-second accuracy
备注：cron没有亚秒级精度
回答by Paul Giragossian
2 steps to check if a cronjob is working :
检查 cronjob 是否正常工作的 2 个步骤：
- Login on the server with the user that execute the cronjob
Manually run php command :
/usr/bin/php /mydomain.in/cromail.php
- 使用执行 cronjob 的用户登录服务器
手动运行 php 命令：
/usr/bin/php /mydomain.in/cromail.php
And check if any error is displayed
并检查是否显示任何错误
回答by Javeed Shakeel
# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)
# | .------------- hour (0 - 23)
# | | .---------- day of month (1 - 31)
# | | | .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...
# | | | | .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat
# | | | | |
# * * * * * user-name command to be executed
To set for x minutes we need to set x minutes in the 1st argument and then the path of your script
要设置 x 分钟，我们需要在第一个参数中设置 x 分钟，然后设置脚本的路径
For 15 mins
15分钟
*/15 * * * * /usr/bin/php /mydomain.in/cromail.php > /dev/null 2>&1
