BASH：将所有文件和目录复制到同一父目录下的另一个目录中
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BASH: Copy all files and directories into another directory in the same parent directory
提问by Hugo
I'm trying to make a simple script that copies all of my $HOMEinto another folder in $HOMEcalled Backup/. This includes all hidden files and folders, and excludes Backup/itself. What I have right now for the copying part is the following:
我正在尝试制作一个简单的脚本，将我的所有内容复制$HOME到另一个$HOME名为Backup/. 这包括所有隐藏的文件和文件夹，不包括Backup/自身。我现在复制部分的内容如下：
shopt -s dotglob
for file in $HOME/*
do
cp -r $file $HOME/Backup/
done
Bash tells me that it cannot copy Backup/into itself. However, when I check the contents of $HOME/Backup/I see that $HOME/Backup/Backup/exists.
Bash 告诉我它不能复制Backup/到自身中。但是，当我检查内容时，$HOME/Backup/我发现$HOME/Backup/Backup/存在。
The copy of Backup/in itself is useless. How can I get bash to copy over all the folders except Backup/. I tried using extgloband using cp -r $HOME/!(Backup)/but it didn't copy over the hidden files that I need.
副本Backup/本身是没用的。我怎样才能让 bash 复制除Backup/. 我尝试使用extglob和使用，cp -r $HOME/!(Backup)/但它没有复制我需要的隐藏文件。
采纳答案by chepner
I agree that using rsyncwould be a better solution, but there is an easy way to skip a directory in bash:
我同意 usingrsync是一个更好的解决方案，但有一种简单的方法可以跳过 中的目录bash：
for file in "$HOME/"*
do
[[ $file = $HOME/Backup ]] && continue
cp -r "$file" "$HOME/Backup/"
done
回答by Tharanga Abeyseela
try rsync. you can exclude file/directories .
试试 rsync。您可以排除文件/目录。
this is a good reference
这是一个很好的参考
http://www.maclife.com/article/columns/terminal_101_using_rsync_locally
回答by user2691041
Hugo,
雨果，
A script like this is good, but you could try this:
像这样的脚本很好，但你可以试试这个：
cp -r * Backup/; cp -r .* Backup/;
cp -r * 备份/；cp -r .* 备份/；
Another tool used with backups is tar. This compresses your backup to save disk space.
另一个用于备份的工具是 tar。这会压缩您的备份以节省磁盘空间。
Also note, the * does not cover . hidden files.
另请注意， * 不包括 . 隐藏文件。
回答by Mzzl
This doesn't answer your question directly (the other answers already did that), but try cp -uawhen you want to use cp to make a backup. This recurses directories, copies rather than follows links, preserves permissions and only copies a file if it is newer than the copy at the destination.
这不会直接回答您的问题（其他答案已经回答了），但是cp -ua当您想使用 cp 进行备份时可以尝试。这会递归目录、复制而不是跟随链接、保留权限并且仅复制比目的地副本新的文件。
