Python ssl.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] 证书验证失败 (_ssl.c:749)

ssl.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:749)

提问by Dan Little

I am trying to use the betbrain.py from Github (https://github.com/gto76/betbrain-scraper) that has the following code:

我正在尝试使用来自 Github ( https://github.com/gto76/betbrain-scraper)的 betbrain.py ，它具有以下代码：

#!/usr/bin/python3
#
# Usage: betbrain.py [URL or FILE] [OUTPUT-FILE]
# Scrapes odds from passed betbrain page and writes them to
# stdout, or file if specified.

import os
import sys
import urllib.request


from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from http.cookiejar import CookieJar

import parser_betbrain
import printer

DEFAULT_URL = 'https://www.betbrain.com/football/england/premier-league/#!/matches/'


# If no arguments are present, it parses the default page.
# Argument can be an URL or a local file.
def main():
  html = getHtml(sys.argv)
  soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
  matches = parser_betbrain.getMatches(soup)
  string = printer.matchesToString(matches)
  output(string, sys.argv)

def getHtml(argv):
  if len(argv) <= 1:
    return scrap(DEFAULT_URL)
  elif argv[1].startswith("http"):
    return scrap(argv[1])
  else:
    return readFile(argv[1])

# Returns html file located at URL.
def scrap(url):
  cj = CookieJar()
  opener = urllib.request.build_opener(urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj))
  try:
    return opener.open(url)
  except ValueError:
    error("Invalid URL: " + url)

def readFile(path):
  try:
    return open(path, encoding='utf8')
  except IOError:
    error("Invalid input filename: " + path)

def output(string, argv):
  if len(argv) <= 2:
    print(string)
  else:
    writeFile(argv[2], string)

def writeFile(path, string):
  try:  
    fo = open(path, "w", encoding='utf8')
    fo.write(string);
    fo.close()
  except IOError:
    error("Invalid output filename: " + path)

def error(msg):
  msg = os.path.basename(__file__)+": "+msg
  print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
  sys.exit(1)

if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()

However when run it comes back with this error

但是，当运行时它会返回此错误

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 1318, in do_open
    encode_chunked=req.has_header('Transfer-encoding'))
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1239, in request
    self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1285, in _send_request
    self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1234, in endheaders
    self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1026, in _send_output
    self.send(msg)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 964, in send
    self.connect()
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1400, in connect
    server_hostname=server_hostname)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/ssl.py", line 401, in wrap_socket
    _context=self, _session=session)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/ssl.py", line 808, in __init__
    self.do_handshake()
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/ssl.py", line 1061, in do_handshake
    self._sslobj.do_handshake()
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/ssl.py", line 683, in do_handshake
    self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:749)

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/Daniel/Desktop/betbrain-scraper-master 2/betbrain.py", line 71, in <module>
    main()
  File "/Users/Daniel/Desktop/betbrain-scraper-master 2/betbrain.py", line 22, in main
    html = getHtml(sys.argv)
  File "/Users/Daniel/Desktop/betbrain-scraper-master 2/betbrain.py", line 30, in getHtml
    return scrap(DEFAULT_URL)
  File "/Users/Daniel/Desktop/betbrain-scraper-master 2/betbrain.py", line 41, in scrap
    return opener.open(url)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 526, in open
    response = self._open(req, data)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 544, in _open
    '_open', req)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 504, in _call_chain
    result = func(*args)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 1361, in https_open
    context=self._context, check_hostname=self._check_hostname)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 1320, in do_open
    raise URLError(err)
urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:749)>

How can I fix this problem? I am running Python 3.6.0 on MacOS 10.12.1

我该如何解决这个问题？我在 MacOS 10.12.1 上运行 Python 3.6.0

回答by Scovetta

Open a terminal and take a look at:

打开终端并查看：

/Applications/Python 3.6/Install Certificates.command

Python 3.6 on MacOS uses an embedded version of OpenSSL, which does not use the system certificate store. More details here.

MacOS 上的 Python 3.6 使用嵌入式版本的 OpenSSL，它不使用系统证书存储。更多细节在这里。

(To be explicit: MacOS users can probably resolve by opening Finder and double clicking Install Certificates.command)

（明确地说：MacOS 用户可能可以通过打开 Finder 并双击Install Certificates.command来解决）

回答by Nagalakshmi Srirama

I ran this on MacOS /Applications/Python\ 3.6/Install\ Certificates.command

我在 MacOS 上运行这个 /Applications/Python\ 3.6/Install\ Certificates.command

回答by Joe Jadamec

On CentOS Linux, Python3.6, I edited this file (make a backup copy first)

在 CentOS Linux、Python3.6 上，我编辑了这个文件（先做一个备份副本）

/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem

to the end of the file, I added my public certificate from my .pem file. you should be able to obtain the .pem file from your ssl certificate provider.

在文件的末尾，我从我的 .pem 文件中添加了我的公共证书。您应该能够从您的 ssl 证书提供商处获取 .pem 文件。

回答by S.Harini Sudarsan

Here's how I fixed it:

这是我修复它的方法：

1. Opened the Install Cerificates.Command.The shell script got executed.
2. Opened the Python 3.6.5 and typed in nltk.download().The download graphic window opened and all the packages got installed.

1. 打开安装 Cerificates.Command.Shell 脚本被执行。
2. 打开 Python 3.6.5 并输入nltk.download()。下载图形窗口打开，所有包都安装好了。