Python gaierror: [Errno 8] nodename 或 servname 提供，或未知（使用 macOS Sierra）
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gaierror: [Errno 8] nodename nor servname provided, or not known (with macOS Sierra)
提问by FBL
socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname()) worked well on OS X El Capitan. However, it's not working now after the Mac updated to macOS Sierra.
socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname()) 在 OS X El Capitan 上运行良好。但是，在 Mac 更新到 macOS Sierra 后，它现在不起作用。
Thanks!
谢谢！
import socket
socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#26>", line 1, in <module>
socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
gaierror: [Errno 8] nodename nor servname provided, or not known
回答by Armut
There is an answer in OP's comments based on another question,which requires to edit /etc/hosts, i.e echo 127.0.0.1 $HOSTNAME >> /etc/hosts.
OP 的评论中有一个基于另一个问题的答案，该问题需要编辑/etc/hosts，即echo 127.0.0.1 $HOSTNAME >> /etc/hosts.
Alternatively, you can use socket.gethostbyname('localhost'), assuming that localhostis what you need and it is defined in your /etc/hosts.
或者，您可以使用socket.gethostbyname('localhost')，假设这localhost是您需要的并且在您的/etc/hosts.
回答by jxc
Same problem tome. I change the code to:
同样的问题。我将代码更改为：
import socket
socket.gethostbyname("")
And it works now.
它现在有效。
回答by Chris Reyes - he-him
I had the same problem today (with MacOS Mojave) and was able to fix it using the linkthat @FBLprovided in the comments.
今天我有同样的问题（和MacOS莫哈韦），并能使用解决它链接的是@FBL在给予。
Specifically, I just had to go to System Preferences -> Sharing and enable sharing. (I enabled printer sharing). Then I verified it was working via ping $HOST. Afterwards, I was able to turn sharing back off and everything (both ping $HOSTand python -c 'import socket; print socket.gethostbysocketname(socket.gethostname())) still worked.
具体来说，我只需转到“系统偏好设置”->“共享”并启用共享。（我启用了打印机共享）。然后我验证它是通过ping $HOST. 之后，我能够关闭共享，一切（ping $HOST和python -c 'import socket; print socket.gethostbysocketname(socket.gethostname())）仍然有效。
回答by JJ-Pysquared
If you are using Jupyter notebook or not try this
如果你正在使用 Jupyter notebook 或者不试试这个
IP4=str(ipaddress.ip_address(8888))
IPAddr = socket.gethostbyname(IP4)
don't forget to import ipaddress & socket
不要忘记导入 ipaddress 和 socket
回答by a_dino
I was having the same issue. I was not able to ping localhost.
我遇到了同样的问题。我无法 ping 本地主机。
ping localhost
ping 本地主机
>> error ping: cannot resolve localhost: Unknown host
I changed my hosts file.
我更改了我的主机文件。
sudo nano /etc/hosts
须藤纳米 /etc/hosts
Add this to the file (use Tab/4 spaces to separate>> 127.0.0.1{tab/4spaces}localhost) Save it and restart the terminal.
将此添加到文件中（使用 Tab/4 空格分隔>> 127.0.0.1{tab/4spaces}localhost）保存并重新启动终端。
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.0.1 本地主机
To confirm if everything works fine, try pinging your localhost
要确认一切是否正常，请尝试 ping 本地主机
ping localhost
ping 本地主机
