C++ 获取可执行文件的路径

Get path of executable

提问by Ben Hymers

I know this question has been asked before but I still haven't seen a satisfactory answer, or a definitive "no, this cannot be done", so I'll ask again!

我知道以前有人问过这个问题，但我仍然没有看到满意的答案，或者明确的“不，这不能做”，所以我再问一次！

All I want to do is get the path to the currently running executable, either as an absolute path or relative to where the executable is invoked from, in a platform-independent fashion. I though boost::filesystem::initial_path was the answer to my troubles but that seems to only handle the 'platform-independent' part of the question - it still returns the path from which the application was invoked.

我想要做的就是以独立于平台的方式获取当前运行的可执行文件的路径，作为绝对路径或相对于调用可执行文件的位置。我虽然 boost::filesystem::initial_path 是我的问题的答案，但这似乎只处理问题的“平台无关”部分——它仍然返回调用应用程序的路径。

For a bit of background, this is a game using Ogre, which I'm trying to profile using Very Sleepy, which runs the target executable from its own directory, so of course on load the game finds no configuration files etc. and promptly crashes. I want to be able to pass it an absolute path to the configuration files, which I know will always live alongside the executable. The same goes for debugging in Visual Studio - I'd like to be able to run $(TargetPath) without having to set the working directory.

对于一些背景，这是一个使用 Ogre 的游戏，我试图使用非常困倦的配置文件，它从自己的目录运行目标可执行文件，所以当然在加载游戏时找不到配置文件等并迅速崩溃. 我希望能够将配置文件的绝对路径传递给它，我知道它总是与可执行文件一起存在。在 Visual Studio 中调试也是如此 - 我希望能够运行 $(TargetPath) 而不必设置工作目录。

采纳答案by Duck

There is no cross platform way that I know.

我知道没有跨平台的方式。

For Linux: readlink/proc/self/exe

对于 Linux：readlink/proc/self/exe

Windows: GetModuleFileName

Windows系统：GetModuleFileName

回答by Ben Key

The boost::dll::program_locationfunction is one of the best cross platform methods of getting the path of the running executable that I know of. The DLL library was added to Boost in version 1.61.0.

该升压:: DLL :: program_location功能是获取运行可执行程序，我知道的路径的最好的跨平台的方法之一。DLL 库已在 1.61.0 版中添加到 Boost。

The following is my solution. I have tested it on Windows, Mac OS X, Solaris, Free BSD, and GNU/Linux.

以下是我的解决方案。我已经在 Windows、Mac OS X、Solaris、Free BSD 和 GNU/Linux 上对其进行了测试。

It requires Boost1.55.0 or greater. It uses the Boost.Filesystem librarydirectly and the Boost.Localelibrary and Boost.Systemlibrary indirectly.

它需要Boost1.55.0 或更高版本。它直接使用Boost.Filesystem 库，间接使用Boost.Locale库和Boost.System库。

src/executable_path.cpp

src/executable_path.cpp

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#include <boost/filesystem/operations.hpp>
#include <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
#include <boost/predef.h>
#include <boost/version.hpp>
#include <boost/tokenizer.hpp>

#if (BOOST_VERSION > BOOST_VERSION_NUMBER(1,64,0))
#  include <boost/process.hpp>
#endif

#if (BOOST_OS_CYGWIN || BOOST_OS_WINDOWS)
#  include <Windows.h>
#endif

#include <boost/executable_path.hpp>
#include <boost/detail/executable_path_internals.hpp>

namespace boost {

#if (BOOST_OS_CYGWIN || BOOST_OS_WINDOWS)

std::string executable_path(const char* argv0)
{
  typedef std::vector<char> char_vector;
  typedef std::vector<char>::size_type size_type;
  char_vector buf(1024, 0);
  size_type size = buf.size();
  bool havePath = false;
  bool shouldContinue = true;
  do
  {
    DWORD result = GetModuleFileNameA(nullptr, &buf[0], size);
    DWORD lastError = GetLastError();
    if (result == 0)
    {
      shouldContinue = false;
    }
    else if (result < size)
    {
      havePath = true;
      shouldContinue = false;
    }
    else if (
      result == size
      && (lastError == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER || lastError == ERROR_SUCCESS)
      )
    {
      size *= 2;
      buf.resize(size);
    }
    else
    {
      shouldContinue = false;
    }
  } while (shouldContinue);
  if (!havePath)
  {
    return detail::executable_path_fallback(argv0);
  }
  // On Microsoft Windows, there is no need to call boost::filesystem::canonical or
  // boost::filesystem::path::make_preferred. The path returned by GetModuleFileNameA
  // is the one we want.
  std::string ret = &buf[0];
  return ret;
}

#elif (BOOST_OS_MACOS)

#  include <mach-o/dyld.h>

std::string executable_path(const char* argv0)
{
  typedef std::vector<char> char_vector;
  char_vector buf(1024, 0);
  uint32_t size = static_cast<uint32_t>(buf.size());
  bool havePath = false;
  bool shouldContinue = true;
  do
  {
    int result = _NSGetExecutablePath(&buf[0], &size);
    if (result == -1)
    {
      buf.resize(size + 1);
      std::fill(std::begin(buf), std::end(buf), 0);
    }
    else
    {
      shouldContinue = false;
      if (buf.at(0) != 0)
      {
        havePath = true;
      }
    }
  } while (shouldContinue);
  if (!havePath)
  {
    return detail::executable_path_fallback(argv0);
  }
  std::string path(&buf[0], size);
  boost::system::error_code ec;
  boost::filesystem::path p(
    boost::filesystem::canonical(path, boost::filesystem::current_path(), ec));
  if (ec.value() == boost::system::errc::success)
  {
    return p.make_preferred().string();
  }
  return detail::executable_path_fallback(argv0);
}

#elif (BOOST_OS_SOLARIS)

#  include <stdlib.h>

std::string executable_path(const char* argv0)
{
  std::string ret = getexecname();
  if (ret.empty())
  {
    return detail::executable_path_fallback(argv0);
  }
  boost::filesystem::path p(ret);
  if (!p.has_root_directory())
  {
    boost::system::error_code ec;
    p = boost::filesystem::canonical(
      p, boost::filesystem::current_path(), ec);
    if (ec.value() != boost::system::errc::success)
    {
      return detail::executable_path_fallback(argv0);
    }
    ret = p.make_preferred().string();
  }
  return ret;
}

#elif (BOOST_OS_BSD)

#  include <sys/sysctl.h>

std::string executable_path(const char* argv0)
{
  typedef std::vector<char> char_vector;
  int mib[4]{0};
  size_t size;
  mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
  mib[1] = KERN_PROC;
  mib[2] = KERN_PROC_PATHNAME;
  mib[3] = -1;
  int result = sysctl(mib, 4, nullptr, &size, nullptr, 0);
  if (-1 == result)
  {
    return detail::executable_path_fallback(argv0);
  }
  char_vector buf(size + 1, 0);
  result = sysctl(mib, 4, &buf[0], &size, nullptr, 0);
  if (-1 == result)
  {
    return detail::executable_path_fallback(argv0);
  }
  std::string path(&buf[0], size);
  boost::system::error_code ec;
  boost::filesystem::path p(
    boost::filesystem::canonical(
      path, boost::filesystem::current_path(), ec));
  if (ec.value() == boost::system::errc::success)
  {
    return p.make_preferred().string();
  }
  return detail::executable_path_fallback(argv0);
}

#elif (BOOST_OS_LINUX)

#  include <unistd.h>

std::string executable_path(const char *argv0)
{
  typedef std::vector<char> char_vector;
  typedef std::vector<char>::size_type size_type;
  char_vector buf(1024, 0);
  size_type size = buf.size();
  bool havePath = false;
  bool shouldContinue = true;
  do
  {
    ssize_t result = readlink("/proc/self/exe", &buf[0], size);
    if (result < 0)
    {
      shouldContinue = false;
    }
    else if (static_cast<size_type>(result) < size)
    {
      havePath = true;
      shouldContinue = false;
      size = result;
    }
    else
    {
      size *= 2;
      buf.resize(size);
      std::fill(std::begin(buf), std::end(buf), 0);
    }
  } while (shouldContinue);
  if (!havePath)
  {
    return detail::executable_path_fallback(argv0);
  }
  std::string path(&buf[0], size);
  boost::system::error_code ec;
  boost::filesystem::path p(
    boost::filesystem::canonical(
      path, boost::filesystem::current_path(), ec));
  if (ec.value() == boost::system::errc::success)
  {
    return p.make_preferred().string();
  }
  return detail::executable_path_fallback(argv0);
}

#else

std::string executable_path(const char *argv0)
{
  return detail::executable_path_fallback(argv0);
}

#endif

}

src/detail/executable_path_internals.cpp

src/detail/executable_path_internals.cpp

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#include <boost/filesystem/operations.hpp>
#include <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
#include <boost/predef.h>
#include <boost/version.hpp>
#include <boost/tokenizer.hpp>

#if (BOOST_VERSION > BOOST_VERSION_NUMBER(1,64,0))
#  include <boost/process.hpp>
#endif

#if (BOOST_OS_CYGWIN || BOOST_OS_WINDOWS)
#  include <Windows.h>
#endif

#include <boost/executable_path.hpp>
#include <boost/detail/executable_path_internals.hpp>

namespace boost {
namespace detail {

std::string GetEnv(const std::string& varName)
{
  if (varName.empty()) return "";
#if (BOOST_OS_BSD || BOOST_OS_CYGWIN || BOOST_OS_LINUX || BOOST_OS_MACOS || BOOST_OS_SOLARIS)
  char* value = std::getenv(varName.c_str());
  if (!value) return "";
  return value;
#elif (BOOST_OS_WINDOWS)
  typedef std::vector<char> char_vector;
  typedef std::vector<char>::size_type size_type;
  char_vector value(8192, 0);
  size_type size = value.size();
  bool haveValue = false;
  bool shouldContinue = true;
  do
  {
    DWORD result = GetEnvironmentVariableA(varName.c_str(), &value[0], size);
    if (result == 0)
    {
      shouldContinue = false;
    }
    else if (result < size)
    {
      haveValue = true;
      shouldContinue = false;
    }
    else
    {
      size *= 2;
      value.resize(size);
    }
  } while (shouldContinue);
  std::string ret;
  if (haveValue)
  {
    ret = &value[0];
  }
  return ret;
#else
  return "";
#endif
}

bool GetDirectoryListFromDelimitedString(
  const std::string& str,
  std::vector<std::string>& dirs)
{
  typedef boost::char_separator<char> char_separator_type;
  typedef boost::tokenizer<
    boost::char_separator<char>, std::string::const_iterator,
    std::string> tokenizer_type;
  dirs.clear();
  if (str.empty())
  {
    return false;
  }
#if (BOOST_OS_WINDOWS)
  const std::string os_pathsep(";");
#else
  const std::string os_pathsep(":");
#endif
  char_separator_type pathSep(os_pathsep.c_str());
  tokenizer_type strTok(str, pathSep);
  typename tokenizer_type::iterator strIt;
  typename tokenizer_type::iterator strEndIt = strTok.end();
  for (strIt = strTok.begin(); strIt != strEndIt; ++strIt)
  {
    dirs.push_back(*strIt);
  }
  if (dirs.empty())
  {
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}

std::string search_path(const std::string& file)
{
  if (file.empty()) return "";
  std::string ret;
#if (BOOST_VERSION > BOOST_VERSION_NUMBER(1,64,0))
  {
    namespace bp = boost::process;
    boost::filesystem::path p = bp::search_path(file);
    ret = p.make_preferred().string();
  }
#endif
  if (!ret.empty()) return ret;
  // Drat! I have to do it the hard way.
  std::string pathEnvVar = GetEnv("PATH");
  if (pathEnvVar.empty()) return "";
  std::vector<std::string> pathDirs;
  bool getDirList = GetDirectoryListFromDelimitedString(pathEnvVar, pathDirs);
  if (!getDirList) return "";
  std::vector<std::string>::const_iterator it = pathDirs.cbegin();
  std::vector<std::string>::const_iterator itEnd = pathDirs.cend();
  for ( ; it != itEnd; ++it)
  {
    boost::filesystem::path p(*it);
    p /= file;
    if (boost::filesystem::exists(p) && boost::filesystem::is_regular_file(p))
    {
      return p.make_preferred().string();
    }
  }
  return "";
}

std::string executable_path_fallback(const char *argv0)
{
  if (argv0 == nullptr) return "";
  if (argv0[0] == 0) return "";
#if (BOOST_OS_WINDOWS)
  const std::string os_sep("\");
#else
  const std::string os_sep("/");
#endif
  if (strstr(argv0, os_sep.c_str()) != nullptr)
  {
    boost::system::error_code ec;
    boost::filesystem::path p(
      boost::filesystem::canonical(
        argv0, boost::filesystem::current_path(), ec));
    if (ec.value() == boost::system::errc::success)
    {
      return p.make_preferred().string();
    }
  }
  std::string ret = search_path(argv0);
  if (!ret.empty())
  {
    return ret;
  }
  boost::system::error_code ec;
  boost::filesystem::path p(
    boost::filesystem::canonical(
      argv0, boost::filesystem::current_path(), ec));
  if (ec.value() == boost::system::errc::success)
  {
    ret = p.make_preferred().string();
  }
  return ret;
}

}
}

include/boost/executable_path.hpp

包括/提升/executable_path.hpp

#ifndef BOOST_EXECUTABLE_PATH_HPP_
#define BOOST_EXECUTABLE_PATH_HPP_

#pragma once

#include <string>

namespace boost {
std::string executable_path(const char * argv0);
}

#endif // BOOST_EXECUTABLE_PATH_HPP_

include/boost/detail/executable_path_internals.hpp

包括/boost/detail/executable_path_internals.hpp

#ifndef BOOST_DETAIL_EXECUTABLE_PATH_INTERNALS_HPP_
#define BOOST_DETAIL_EXECUTABLE_PATH_INTERNALS_HPP_

#pragma once

#include <string>
#include <vector>

namespace boost {
namespace detail {
std::string GetEnv(const std::string& varName);
bool GetDirectoryListFromDelimitedString(
    const std::string& str,
    std::vector<std::string>& dirs);
std::string search_path(const std::string& file);
std::string executable_path_fallback(const char * argv0);
}
}

#endif // BOOST_DETAIL_EXECUTABLE_PATH_INTERNALS_HPP_

I have a complete project, including a test application and CMake build files available at SnKOpen - /cpp/executable_path/trunk. This version is more complete than the version I provided here. It is also supports more platforms.

我有一个完整的项目，包括在SnKOpen - /cpp/executable_path/trunk 上提供的测试应用程序和 CMake 构建文件。这个版本比我在这里提供的版本更完整。它还支持更多平台。

I have tested the application on all supported operating systems in the following four scenarios.

我已经在以下四种情况下在所有支持的操作系统上测试了该应用程序。

1. Relative path, executable in current directory: i.e. ./executable_path_test
2. Relative path, executable in another directory: i.e. ./build/executable_path_test
3. Full path: i.e. /some/dir/executable_path_test
4. Executable in path, file name only: i.e. executable_path_test

1. 相对路径，当前目录下可执行：即./executable_path_test
2. 相对路径，在另一个目录中可执行：即 ./build/executable_path_test
3. 完整路径：即 /some/dir/executable_path_test
4. 在路径中可执行，仅文件名：即executable_path_test

In all four scenarios, both the executable_path and executable_path_fallback functions work and return the same results.

在所有四种情况下，executable_path 和 executable_path_fallback 函数都可以工作并返回相同的结果。

Notes

笔记

This is an updated answer to this question. I updated the answer to take into consideration user comments and suggestions. I also added a link to a project in my SVN Repository.

这是这个问题的更新答案。我更新了答案以考虑用户的意见和建议。我还在我的 SVN 存储库中添加了一个项目的链接。

回答by Ryu

This way uses boost + argv. You mentioned this may not be cross platform because it may or may not include the executable name. Well the following code should work around that.

这种方式使用boost + argv。您提到这可能不是跨平台的，因为它可能包含也可能不包含可执行文件名称。那么下面的代码应该可以解决这个问题。

#include <boost/filesystem/operations.hpp>

#include <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>

#include <iostream>

namespace fs = boost::filesystem;


int main(int argc,char** argv)
{
    fs::path full_path( fs::initial_path<fs::path>() );

    full_path = fs::system_complete( fs::path( argv[0] ) );

    std::cout << full_path << std::endl;

    //Without file name
    std::cout << full_path.stem() << std::endl;
    //std::cout << fs::basename(full_path) << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

The following code gets the current working directory which may do what you need

下面的代码获取当前的工作目录，它可以做你需要的

#include <boost/filesystem/operations.hpp>
#include <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>

#include <iostream>

namespace fs = boost::filesystem;


int main(int argc,char** argv)
{
    //current working directory
    fs::path full_path( fs::current_path<fs::path>() );

    std::cout << full_path << std::endl;

    std::cout << full_path.stem() << std::endl;
    //std::cout << fs::basepath(full_path) << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

Note Just realized that basename() was deprecated so had to switch to .stem()

注意刚刚意识到basename() 已被弃用，因此必须切换到.stem()

回答by SturmCoder

I'm not sure about Linux, but try this for Windows:

我不确定 Linux，但在 Windows 上试试这个：

#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std ;

int main()
{
     char ownPth[MAX_PATH]; 

     // When NULL is passed to GetModuleHandle, the handle of the exe itself is returned
     HMODULE hModule = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
     if (hModule != NULL)
     {
         // Use GetModuleFileName() with module handle to get the path
         GetModuleFileName(hModule, ownPth, (sizeof(ownPth))); 
         cout << ownPth << endl ;
         system("PAUSE");
         return 0;
     }
     else
     {
         cout << "Module handle is NULL" << endl ;
         system("PAUSE");
         return 0;
     }
}

回答by Sivabalan

For windows:

对于窗户：

GetModuleFileName- returns the exe path + exe filename

GetModuleFileName- 返回 exe 路径 + exe 文件名

To remove filename
PathRemoveFileSpec

删除文件名
PathRemoveFileSpec

回答by TarmoPikaro

C++17, windows, unicode, using filesystem new api:

C++17，windows，unicode，使用文件系统新的api：

#include "..\Project.h"
#include <filesystem>
using namespace std;
using namespace filesystem;

int wmain(int argc, wchar_t** argv)
{
    auto dir = weakly_canonical(path(argv[0])).parent_path();
    printf("%S", dir.c_str());
    return 0;
}

Suspect this solution should be portable, but don't know how unicode is implemented on other OS's.

怀疑这个解决方案应该是可移植的，但不知道 unicode 在其他操作系统上是如何实现的。

weakly_canonical is needed only if you use as Output Directory upper folder references ('..') to simplify path. If you don't use it - remove it.

仅当您使用作为输出目录上层文件夹引用 ('..') 来简化路径时，才需要 weakly_canonical。如果你不使用它 - 删除它。

If you're operating from dynamic link library (.dll /.so), then you might not have argv, then you can consider following solution:

如果你是从动态链接库（.dll/.so）运行，那么你可能没有argv，那么你可以考虑以下解决方案：

application.h:

应用程序.h：

#pragma once

//
// https://en.cppreference.com/w/User:D41D8CD98F/feature_testing_macros
//
#ifdef __cpp_lib_filesystem
#include <filesystem>
#else
#include <experimental/filesystem>

namespace std {
    namespace filesystem = experimental::filesystem;
}
#endif

std::filesystem::path getexepath();

application.cpp:

应用程序.cpp：

#include "application.h"
#ifdef _WIN32
#include <windows.h>    //GetModuleFileNameW
#else
#include <limits.h>
#include <unistd.h>     //readlink
#endif

std::filesystem::path getexepath()
{
#ifdef _WIN32
    wchar_t path[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };
    GetModuleFileNameW(NULL, path, MAX_PATH);
    return path;
#else
    char result[PATH_MAX];
    ssize_t count = readlink("/proc/self/exe", result, PATH_MAX);
    return std::string(result, (count > 0) ? count : 0);
#endif
}

回答by ted

QT provides this with OS abstraction as QCoreApplication::applicationDirPath()

QT 将其与操作系统抽象一起提供为QCoreApplication::applicationDirPath()

回答by Nate

This is a Windows specific way, but it is at least half of your answer.

这是 Windows 特定的方式，但它至少是您答案的一半。

GetThisPath.h

GetThisPath.h

/// dest is expected to be MAX_PATH in length.
/// returns dest
///     TCHAR dest[MAX_PATH];
///     GetThisPath(dest, MAX_PATH);
TCHAR* GetThisPath(TCHAR* dest, size_t destSize);

GetThisPath.cpp

GetThisPath.cpp

#include <Shlwapi.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "shlwapi.lib")

TCHAR* GetThisPath(TCHAR* dest, size_t destSize)
{
    if (!dest) return NULL;
    if (MAX_PATH > destSize) return NULL;

    DWORD length = GetModuleFileName( NULL, dest, destSize );
    PathRemoveFileSpec(dest);
    return dest;
}

mainProgram.cpp

mainProgram.cpp

TCHAR dest[MAX_PATH];
GetThisPath(dest, MAX_PATH);

I would suggest using platform detection as preprocessor directives to change the implementation of a wrapper function that calls GetThisPathfor each platform.

我建议使用平台检测作为预处理器指令来更改调用GetThisPath每个平台的包装器函数的实现。

回答by Dmitriy

For Windows you can use GetModuleFilename().
For Linux see BinReloc (old, defunct URL)mirror of BinReloc in datenwolf's GitHub repositories.

对于 Windows，您可以使用 GetModuleFilename()。
对于 Linux，请参阅datenwolf的 GitHub 存储库中BinReloc（旧的、已失效的 URL）镜像。

回答by Adrian Maire

Using args[0] and looking for '/' (or '\\'):

使用 args[0] 并寻找“/”（或“\\”）：

#include <string>
#include <iostream> // to show the result

int main( int numArgs, char *args[])
{
    // Get the last position of '/'
    std::string aux(args[0]);

    // get '/' or '\' depending on unix/mac or windows.
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32)
    int pos = aux.rfind('\');
#else
    int pos = aux.rfind('/');
#endif

    // Get the path and the name
    std::string path = aux.substr(0,pos+1);
    std::string name = aux.substr(pos+1);
    // show results
    std::cout << "Path: " << path << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Name: " << name << std::endl;
}

EDITED: If '/' does not exist, pos==-1 so the result is correct.

编辑：如果 '/' 不存在，则 pos==-1 所以结果是正确的。