macos 不区分大小写的搜索并替换为 sed
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Case-insensitive search and replace with sed
提问by Craig Walker
I'm trying to use SED to extract text from a log file. I can do a search-and-replace without too much trouble:
我正在尝试使用 SED 从日志文件中提取文本。我可以毫不费力地进行搜索和替换：
sed 's/foo/bar/' mylog.txt
However, I want to make the search case-insensitive. From what I've googled, it looks like appending ito the end of the command should work:
但是，我想让搜索不区分大小写。从我用谷歌搜索的内容来看，似乎附加i到命令的末尾应该有效：
sed 's/foo/bar/i' mylog.txt
However, this gives me an error message:
但是，这给了我一条错误消息：
sed: 1: "s/foo/bar/i": bad flag in substitute command: 'i'
What's going wrong here, and how do I fix it?
这里出了什么问题，我该如何解决？
采纳答案by mklement0
To be clear: On macOS- as of Mojave (10.14) - sed- which is the BSDimplementation - does NOT support case-insensitive matching- hard to believe, but true. The formerly accepted answer, which itself shows a GNUsedcommand, gained that status because of the perl-based solution mentioned in the comments.
需要明确的是：在macOS 上- 从 Mojave (10.14) 开始 -sed这是BSD实现 - 不支持不区分大小写的匹配- 难以置信，但确实如此。在以前接受的答案，这本身就说明一个GNUsed命令，获得因为这种地位perl在评论中提到基于解决方案。
To make that Perl solutionwork with foreign charactersas well, via UTF-8, use something like:
要使Perl 解决方案也适用于外来字符，请通过 UTF-8，使用以下内容：
perl -C -Mutf8 -pe 's/??/oo/i' <<< "F??" # -> "Foo"
-Cturns on UTF-8 support for streams and files, assuming the current locale is UTF-8-based.-Mutf8tells Perl to interpret the source codeas UTF-8 (in this case, the string passed to-pe) - this is the shorter equivalent of the more verbose-e 'use utf8;'.Thanks, Mark Reed
-C打开对流和文件的 UTF-8 支持，假设当前语言环境是基于 UTF-8 的。-Mutf8告诉 Perl 将源代码解释为 UTF-8（在这种情况下，传递给 的字符串-pe） - 这是更冗长的较短等价物-e 'use utf8;'.谢谢，马克里德
(Note that using awkis not an option either, as awkon macOS (i.e., BWK awk, a.k.a. BSD awk) appears to be completely unaware of locales altogether - its tolower()and toupper()functions ignore foreign characters (and sub()/ gsub()don't have case-insensitivity flags to begin with).)
（请注意，使用awk也不是一个选项，因为awk在 macOS（即BWK awk，又名BSD awk）上似乎完全不知道语言环境 - 它的tolower()和toupper()函数忽略外来字符（和sub()/gsub()没有不区分大小写的标志）首先）。）
回答by Wesley Rice
Editor's note: This solution doesn't work on macOS (out of the box), because it only applies to GNUsed, whereas macOS comes with BSDsed.
编者注：此解决方案不适用于 macOS（开箱即用），因为它仅适用于GNUsed，而 macOS 带有BSDsed。
Capitalize the 'I'.
大写“我”。
sed 's/foo/bar/I' file
回答by Wesley Rice
Another work-around for sedon Mac OS X is to install gsedfrom MacPorts or HomeBrew and then create the alias sed='gsed'.
sedMac OS X 上的另一个解决方法是gsed从 MacPorts 或 HomeBrew安装，然后创建别名sed='gsed'.
回答by Benjamin W.
The sed FAQaddresses the closely related case-insensitive search. It points out that a) many versions of sed support a flag for it and b) it's awkward to do in sed, you should rather use awk or Perl.
该sed的FAQ地址密切相关的不区分大小写的搜索。它指出 a) 许多版本的 sed 都支持它的标志 b) 在 sed 中这样做很尴尬，您应该使用 awk 或 Perl。
But to do it in POSIX sed, they suggest three options (adapted for substitution here):
但是要在 POSIX sed 中做到这一点，他们建议了三个选项（适用于此处的替换）：
Convert to uppercase and store original line in hold space; this won't work for substitutions, though, as the original content will be restored before printing, so it's only good for insert or adding lines based on a case-insensitive match.
Maybe the possibilities are limited to
FOO,Fooandfoo. These can be covered bys/FOO/bar/;s/[Ff]oo/bar/To search for all possible matches, one can use bracket expressions for each character:
s/[Ff][Oo][Oo]/bar/
转换为大写并将原始行存储在保持空间中；但是，这不适用于替换，因为原始内容将在打印之前恢复，因此它仅适用于基于不区分大小写的匹配插入或添加行。
也许可能性仅限于
FOO,Foo和foo。这些可以覆盖s/FOO/bar/;s/[Ff]oo/bar/要搜索所有可能的匹配项，可以对每个字符使用括号表达式：
s/[Ff][Oo][Oo]/bar/
回答by user1307434
The Mac version of sedseems a bit limited. One way to work around this is to use a linux container (via Docker) which has a useable version of sed:
Mac 版本sed似乎有点限制。解决此问题的一种方法是使用具有以下可用版本的 linux 容器（通过 Docker）sed：
cat your_file.txt | docker run -i busybox /bin/sed -r 's/[0-9]{4}/****/Ig'
回答by gojimmypi
I had a similar need, and came up with this:
我有类似的需求，并想出了这个：
this command to simply find all the files:
这个命令可以简单地找到所有文件：
grep -i -l -r foo ./*
this one to exclude this_shell.sh (in case you put the command in a script called this_shell.sh), tee the output to the console to see what happened, and then use sed on each file name found to replace the text foo with bar:
this 排除 this_shell.sh（如果您将命令放在名为this_shell.sh的脚本中），将输出发送到控制台以查看发生了什么，然后在找到的每个文件名上使用 sed 将文本 foo 替换为 bar ：
grep -i -l -r --exclude "this_shell.sh" foo ./* | tee /dev/fd/2 | while read -r x; do sed -b -i 's/foo/bar/gi' "$x"; done
I chose this method, as I didn't like having all the timestamps changed for files not modified. feeding the grep result allows only the files with target text to be looked at (thus likely may improve performance / speed as well)
我选择了这种方法，因为我不喜欢为未修改的文件更改所有时间戳。提供 grep 结果只允许查看带有目标文本的文件（因此也可能提高性能/速度）
be sure to backup your files & test before using. May not work in some environments for files with embedded spaces. (?)
请务必在使用前备份您的文件并进行测试。对于带有嵌入空格的文件，在某些环境中可能不起作用。(?)
回答by CBB
If you are doing pattern matching first, e.g.,
如果您首先进行模式匹配，例如，
/pattern/s/xx/yy/g
then you want to put the Iafter the pattern:
然后你想把I模式放在后面：
/pattern/Is/xx/yy/g
Example:
例子：
echo Fred | sed '/fred/Is//willma/g'
returns willma; without the I, it returns the string untouched (Fred).
返回willma；如果没有I，它将返回未触及的字符串 ( Fred)。
