如何使用 Bash 回显包含匹配文件的目录？
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How to echo directories containing matching file with Bash?
提问by Grundlefleck
I want to write a bash script which will use a list of all the directories containing specific files. I can use findto echo the path of each and every matching file. I only want to list the path to the directory containing at least one matching file.
我想编写一个 bash 脚本，它将使用包含特定文件的所有目录的列表。我可以find用来回显每个匹配文件的路径。我只想列出包含至少一个匹配文件的目录的路径。
For example, given the following directory structure:
例如，给定以下目录结构：
dir1/
matches1
matches2
dir2/
no-match
The command (looking for 'matches*') will only output the path to dir1.
命令（寻找'matches*'）只会输出到 的路径dir1。
As extra background, I'm using this to find each directory which contains a Java .class file.
作为额外的背景，我使用它来查找包含 Java .class 文件的每个目录。
回答by John Kugelman
find -name '*.class' -printf '%h\n' | sort -u
From man find:
来自man find：
-printfformat
%hLeading directories of file's name (all but the last element). If the file name contains no slashes (since it is in the current directory) the%hspecifier expands to".".
-printf格式
%h文件名的前导目录（除最后一个元素外的所有目录）。如果文件名不包含斜杠（因为它在当前目录中），%h说明符扩展为".".
回答by xverges
On OS Xand FreeBSD, with a findthat lacks the -printfoption, this will work:
在OS X和FreeBSD 上，find如果没有-printfoption，这将起作用：
find . -name *.class -print0 | xargs -0 -n1 dirname | sort --unique
The -n1in xargssets to 1 the maximum number of arguments taken from standard input for each invocation of dirname
的-n1在xargs从标准输入采取的每次调用参数设置为1的最大数量dirname
回答by ghostdog74
GNU find
GNU 查找
find /root_path -type f -iname "*.class" -printf "%h\n" | sort -u
回答by bufh
Ok, i come way too late, but you also could do it without find, to answer specifically to "matching file with Bash" (or at least a POSIX shell).
好吧，我来得太晚了，但你也可以在没有找到的情况下做，专门回答“使用 Bash 匹配文件”（或至少是 POSIX shell）。
ls */*.class | while read; do
echo ${REPLY%/*}
done | sort -u
The ${VARNAME%/*}will strip everything after the last /(if you wanted to strip everything after the first, it would have been ${VARNAME%%/*}).
在${VARNAME%/*}将剥离后的最后一切/（如果你想第一之后剥离的一切，它会一直${VARNAME%%/*}）。
Regards.
问候。
回答by davidqshull
Far too late, but this might be helpful to future readers: I personally find it more helpful to have the list of folders printed into a file, rather than to Terminal (on a Mac). For that, you can simply output the paths to a file, e.g. folders.txt, by using:
太晚了，但这可能对未来的读者有所帮助：我个人认为将文件夹列表打印到文件中比打印到终端（在 Mac 上）更有帮助。为此，您可以简单地使用以下命令输出文件的路径，例如 folders.txt：
find . -name *.sql -print0 | xargs -0 -n1 dirname | sort --unique > folders.txt
find . -name *.sql -print0 | xargs -0 -n1 dirname | sort --unique > folders.txt
回答by Jim
find / -name *.class -printf '%h\n' | sort --unique
