如何使用 python-apt API 安装软件包
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How to install a package using the python-apt API
提问by AlejandroVK
I'm quite a newbie when it comes to Python, thus I beg foregiveness beforehand :). That said, I'm trying to make a script that, among other things, installs some Linux packages. First I tried to use subopen as explained here. While this can eventually work, I stumbled upon the python-apt APIand since I'm not a big fan or re-inventing the wheel, I decided to give a try.
说到 Python，我是个新手，因此我事先请求原谅 :)。也就是说，我正在尝试制作一个脚本，其中包括安装一些 Linux 软件包。首先，我尝试使用 subopen 作为解释here。虽然这最终可以奏效，但我偶然发现了python-apt API并且由于我不是一个忠实的粉丝或重新发明轮子，我决定尝试一下。
Problem comes when trying to find examples/tutorials on installing a package using python-apt. Searching the documentation I found the PackageManagerclass that has some methods to install a package. I tried some simple code to get this working:
尝试查找有关使用 python-apt 安装软件包的示例/教程时出现问题。搜索文档我发现PackageManager类有一些安装包的方法。我尝试了一些简单的代码来让它工作：
apt_pkg.PackageManager.install("python")
This does not seem to work that easily, the install method expects apt_pkg.PackageManager instead of a plain String. Thus, looking a bit more, I found this examplethat looks promising, but I'm a bit reluctant to use since I don't really understand some of what is happening there.
这似乎并不容易，安装方法需要 apt_pkg.PackageManager 而不是纯字符串。因此，多看一点，我发现这个例子看起来很有希望，但我有点不愿意使用，因为我并不真正了解那里发生的一些事情。
Then, has anyone tried to install a package using python-apt or should I go for using plain-old subopen style?
那么，有没有人尝试使用 python-apt 安装软件包，还是应该使用普通的 subopen 样式？
Thanks!
谢谢！
采纳答案by Austin Phillips
It's recommended to use the aptmodule from the python-aptDebian package. This is a higher level wrapper around the underlying C/C++ libapt-xxxlibraries and has a Pythonic interface.
建议使用Debian 软件包中的apt模块python-apt。这是围绕底层 C/C++libapt-xxx库的更高级别的包装器，并具有 Pythonic 接口。
Here's an example script which will install the libjs-yui-docpackage:
这是一个将安装libjs-yui-doc软件包的示例脚本：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# aptinstall.py
import apt
import sys
pkg_name = "libjs-yui-doc"
cache = apt.cache.Cache()
cache.update()
cache.open()
pkg = cache[pkg_name]
if pkg.is_installed:
print "{pkg_name} already installed".format(pkg_name=pkg_name)
else:
pkg.mark_install()
try:
cache.commit()
except Exception, arg:
print >> sys.stderr, "Sorry, package installation failed [{err}]".format(err=str(arg))
As with the use of apt-get, this must be run with superuser privileges to access and modify the APT cache.
与使用 一样apt-get，它必须以超级用户权限运行才能访问和修改 APT 缓存。
$ sudo ./aptinstall.py
If you're attempting a package install as part of a larger script, it's probably a good idea to only raise to root privileges for the minimal time required.
如果您尝试将软件包安装作为较大脚本的一部分，那么仅在所需的最短时间内提升到 root 权限可能是个好主意。
You can find a small example in the /usr/share/pyshared/apt/progress/gtk2.py:_test()function showing how to install a package using a GTK front-end.
您可以在/usr/share/pyshared/apt/progress/gtk2.py:_test()显示如何使用 GTK 前端安装包的函数中找到一个小示例。
