无法导入的 Python 底图模块

Python basemap module impossible to import

提问by Arnaud BUBBLE

I have troubles to import the basemap module of mpl_toolkits in python. Here is what I get when I run the test.py script from the module directory:

我在python中导入mpl_toolkits的底图模块时遇到了麻烦。这是我从模块目录运行 test.py 脚本时得到的结果：

/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/mpl_toolkits/basemap$ python test.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 1, in <module>
from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap, shiftgrid
ImportError: No module named basemap

I can't get it since sys.pathgives a list of paths where I am sure the directory "basemap" is, in the "mpl_toolkits" directory. There is no problem to import mpl_toolkits. Here is a thing I tried, to manually add the path, and the result:

我无法得到它，因为sys.path在“mpl_toolkits”目录中给出了我确定目录“basemap”所在的路径列表。没有问题import mpl_toolkits。这是我尝试过的一件事，手动添加路径和结果：

>>> import sys
>>> sys.path.append('/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/mpl_toolkits/basemap')
>>> import basemap
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "basemap/__init__.py", line 30, in <module>
from mpl_toolkits.basemap import pyproj
ImportError: No module named basemap

I tried to uninstall an reinstall basemap from source (carefully following theseinstructions), from apt-get, from conda, but it does not change anything: I can't import basemap.

我试图从源（仔细按照这些说明）、apt-get、conda卸载重新安装的底图，但它没有改变任何东西：我无法导入底图。

Thank you for your help

感谢您的帮助

回答by Akima

I was in the same situation until a minute ago, installing it trough this made the trick:

直到一分钟前，我还处于相同的情况，通过它安装它就成功了：

sudo apt-get install libgeos-3.5.0
sudo apt-get install libgeos-dev
sudo pip install https://github.com/matplotlib/basemap/archive/master.zip

回答by Anant Gupta

I was facing this issue and I was able to solve it using anaconda

我遇到了这个问题，我能够使用 anaconda 解决它

After activating my profile

激活我的个人资料后

source activate MyProfileName
conda install basemap

from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# setup Lambert Conformal basemap.
# set resolution=None to skip processing of boundary datasets.
m = Basemap(width=12000000,height=9000000,projection='lcc',
            resolution=None,lat_1=45.,lat_2=55,lat_0=50,lon_0=-107.)
m.bluemarble()
plt.show()

回答by beahacker

I do not use Anaconda, using MacOS, and I have found this solution works for me. I guess it is straight forward, and should work with both Linux and MacOs.

我不使用 Anaconda，使用 MacOS，我发现这个解决方案对我有用。我想它很简单，应该适用于 Linux 和 MacO。

https://stackoverflow.com/a/53171723/2570842

https://stackoverflow.com/a/53171723/2570842

brew install geos
pip3 install https://github.com/matplotlib/basemap/archive/master.zip

For Ubuntu,

对于 Ubuntu，

sudo apt-get install geos
sudo pip3 install https://github.com/matplotlib/basemap/archive/master.zip

回答by GStav

I had the same issue; trying to access basemap using sys would produce that error. But this worked for me:

我遇到过同样的问题; 尝试使用 sys 访问底图会产生该错误。但这对我有用：

import mpl_toolkits
mpl_toolkits.__path__.append('/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/mpl_toolkits/')
from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap

回答by Sam

Download it from hereand install it manually. Make sure to download the right version(i.e. if you are Python3.6 then download basemap?1.2.0?cp36?cp36m?win_amd64.whl)

从这里下载并手动安装。确保下载正确的版本（即如果您是 Python3.6 则下载basemap?1.2.0?cp36?cp36m?win_amd64.whl）

Reference: https://stackoverflow.com/a/33020524/8730201

参考：https: //stackoverflow.com/a/33020524/8730201

回答by weatherman

I followed this answer:

我遵循了这个答案：

https://stackoverflow.com/a/43234894/3818277

https://stackoverflow.com/a/43234894/3818277

Though, I can have wrongly installed mpl_toolkits (or I do not know), in my case I found out, that basemap is located in pymodules like that:

虽然，我可能错误地安装了 mpl_toolkits（或者我不知道），就我而言，我发现该底图位于 pymodules 中，如下所示：

    mpl_toolkits.__path__.append('/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/mpl_toolkits/')
    from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap

So this worked for me on ubuntu 14.04 LTS.

所以这在 ubuntu 14.04 LTS 上对我有用。

回答by Santosh

If you're using Anaconda, it has a package for basemap

如果您使用的是 Anaconda，它有一个用于底图的包

conda install basemap

conda 安装底图

(pip doesn't have the basemap package any more)

（pip不再有底图包）

OR

或者

If you using Ubuntu system you can try

如果您使用 Ubuntu 系统，您可以尝试

apt install python3-mpltoolkits.basemap

apt 安装 python3-mpltoolkits.basemap

回答by Jade Cacho

conda install -c anaconda basemap

conda install -c anaconda basemap

OR

或者

Go to Anaconda Navigator, search for basemapand click Apply.

转到 Anaconda Navigator，搜索basemap并单击Apply。

回答by Autumnsault

I was able to get basemap working through the following steps. Note that I did a --userinstall.

我能够通过以下步骤获得底图。请注意，我进行了--user安装。

1. Create shallow clone of basemap (git clone --depth 1 [email protected]:matplotlib/basemap.git) or extract the tarball of the current version.
2. Install the necessary prerequisite libraries (on Ubuntu, libgeos-dev, libproj-dev, libgeos++-dev, proj-data, proj-bin, libgeos-c1v5, libgeos, libproj12, I think).
3. pip install --user pyproj matplotlib geos(not actually sure if geosis necessary).

1. 创建底图 ( git clone --depth 1 [email protected]:matplotlib/basemap.git) 的浅层克隆或提取当前版本的 tarball。
2. 安装必要的先决条件库（在Ubuntu上libgeos-dev，libproj-dev，libgeos++-dev，proj-data，proj-bin，libgeos-c1v5，libgeos，libproj12，我认为）。
3. pip install --user pyproj matplotlib geos（实际上不确定是否geos有必要）。

Now, here's where I had to improvise a little bit. When I install basemap using python setup.py install, it creates a new egg directory among my Python packages. That directory contains an mpl_toolkitssubdirectory which duplicates a separate mpl_toolkitsdirectory installed by matplotlib.

现在，这是我必须即兴发挥的地方。当我使用 安装底图时python setup.py install，它会在我的 Python 包中创建一个新的 egg 目录。该目录包含一个mpl_toolkits子目录，该子目录复制mpl_toolkits由 matplotlib 安装的单独目录。

So, instead, I did

所以，相反，我做了

python setup.py build_ext --inplace
cp -a lib/mpl_toolkits/basemap /my/python/packages/dir/mpl_toolkits/basemap
cp lib/_geoslib.so /my/python/packages/dir

I am now able to run examples like simpletest.py.

我现在可以运行像simpletest.py.