bash 如何通过终端命令将 Web 应用程序部署到 tomcat 应用程序服务器

How can I deploy a web application to tomcat application server via Terminal command

提问by AspiringGeek

I am currently testing a large number of webservices. I would like to deploy and undeploy to tomcat application server via terminal command as fast as I can. Using the HTML GUI would not be reasonable for the large number of webservices that I need to deploy. Can anyone assist me, in how to deploy via a terminal command?

我目前正在测试大量的网络服务。我想尽可能快地通过终端命令部署和取消部署到 tomcat 应用程序服务器。对于我需要部署的大量 Web 服务，使用 HTML GUI 是不合理的。任何人都可以帮助我，如何通过终端命令进行部署？

Furthermore, I am writing a ash script that automates the deployment process, so perhaps if someone can give me some some direction it would be great.

此外，我正在编写一个自动化部署过程的 ash 脚本，所以也许如果有人能给我一些指导，那就太好了。

Ideally, I am looking to do something like this on the command line:

理想情况下，我希望在命令行上执行以下操作：

TOMCAT --parameter Specify path to WAR file --parameter2 --specify some sort of config file

TOMCAT --parameter 指定 WAR 文件的路径 --parameter2 --specify 某种配置文件

回答by cosbor11

First you need to make sure that tomcat-user.xmlis configured with the correct users and roles. The minimum role configuration is "admin,manager-script":

首先，您需要确保tomcat-user.xml配置了正确的用户和角色。最低角色配置是“admin,manager-script”：

1. Find out where tomcat is installed. You can do this in bash: catalina version
2. Navigate to the CATALINA_HOME config directory which is displayed in the output from the previous command.

1. 找出tomcat的安装位置。您可以在 bash 中执行此操作： catalina version
2. 导航到 CATALINA_HOME 配置目录，该目录显示在上一个命令的输出中。

cd /usr/local/Cellar/tomcat/8.0.22/libexec/conf

• Note: In my example, I used homebrew to install tomcat 8, replace this path with whatever is displayed in your command line output.

• 注意：在我的示例中，我使用自制软件来安装 tomcat 8，将此路径替换为命令行输出中显示的任何内容。

1. Verify that the server.xmlcontains a UserDatabaseresource (if it doesn't add it):

3. 验证server.xml 是否包含UserDatabase资源（如果未添加）：

  <GlobalNamingResources>
      <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
          type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
          description="User database that can be updated and saved"
          factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
          pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
  </GlobalNamingResources> 

By default tomcat uses an in-memory database to store users and roles. This is configured in the conf/server.xml. And delegates user & role declaration to the conf/tomcat-users.xml file. See: http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-8.0-doc/realm-howto.html#UserDatabaseRealmfor more information.

默认情况下，tomcat 使用内存数据库来存储用户和角色。这是在 conf/server.xml 中配置的。并将用户和角色声明委托给 conf/tomcat-users.xml 文件。请参阅：http: //tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-8.0-doc/realm-howto.html#UserDatabaseRealm了解更多信息。

1. Then verify that config/user-tomcat.xmlexists and looks like this:

4. 然后验证config/user-tomcat.xml 是否存在，如下所示：

  <tomcat-users xmlns="http://tomcat.apache.org/xml" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" version="1.0" xsi:schemaLocation="http://tomcat.apache.org/xml tomcat-users.xsd">
     <role rolename="admin"/>
     <role rolename="manager-script"/>
     <user username="admin" roles="admin,manager-script" password="admin" />
  </tomcat-users>

Now, you're ready to deploy a war!

现在，您已准备好部署War！

Here are two ways to do that...

这里有两种方法可以做到这一点......

Using wget:

使用 wget：

wgetis a nifty tool that lets you do http requests via the command line. I recommend installing it using a package manager like homebrew, otherwise, you can install using this wget install guide.

wget是一个漂亮的工具，可以让您通过命令行执行 http 请求。我建议使用像homebrew这样的包管理器安装它，否则，你可以使用这个wget install guide进行安装。

1. First restart your server to pick up any configuration changes that you may have done. catalina stop, then catalina start, will do the trick from bash.
   *Note: When using wget to start deploy a war to tomcat, tomcat needs to be started first.
2. Now execute the following command:

1. 首先重新启动您的服务器以获取您可能已完成的任何配置更改。catalina stop, 然后catalina start, 将通过 bash 来解决问题。
   *注意：使用wget开始部署war到tomcat时，需要先启动tomcat。
2. 现在执行以下命令：

wget --http-user=admin --http-password=admin  "http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?war=file:/Users/yourusername/app/target/APP-1.0.0.war&path=/app"

• Now go to http://localhost:8080/app/to see your webapp.

• 现在去http://localhost:8080/app/查看你的 web 应用程序。

Notes:

笔记：

• Wait a few seconds to let the http request to send and fully deploy the war. (sometimes this takes a while).

• You may be tempted to reference the war file using the home directory shortcut like this file:~/app/target/APP-1.0.0.war, but that won't work.

• To undeploy the war simply replace deploywith undeployin the wget command.

• 等待几秒钟，让 http 请求发送并完全部署War。（有时这需要一段时间）。

• 您可能会想像这样使用主目录快捷方式来引用 war 文件file:~/app/target/APP-1.0.0.war，但那是行不通的。

• 要取消部署War，只需在 wget 命令中替换deploy为undeploy。

Using the Tomcat Maven Plugin:

使用 Tomcat Maven 插件：

If you have the source code, you can build and deploy the war yourself very easily with the tomcat7-maven-plugin. Note: At the time I wrote this there was no tomcat8-maven-plugin; the tomcat-7-maven-plugin works just fine for tomcat 8.

如果你有源代码，你可以很容易地使用tomcat7-maven-plugin自己构建和部署War。注意：在我写这篇文章的时候还没有 tomcat8-maven-plugin；tomcat-7-maven-plugin 适用于 tomcat 8。

1. Add the plugin to the pom.xml:

1. 将插件添加到 pom.xml 中：

<plugin>
  <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
  <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
  <version>${version.tomcat.maven.plugin}</version>
  <configuration>
    <path>/${project.build.finalName}</path>
    <configurationDir>${env.CATALINA_HOME}</configurationDir>
    <additionalConfigFilesDir>${env.CATALINA_HOME}/conf</additionalConfigFilesDir>
    <uriEncoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</uriEncoding>
  </configuration>
</plugin>

1. Navigate to your project root, where the pom.xmlis, and run the following command: mvn tomcat7:run

2. 导航到pom.xml所在的项目根目录，然后运行以下命令：mvn tomcat7:run

回答by anubhava

To deploy a WAR from the command line you can use wget (or curl)

要从命令行部署 WAR，您可以使用 wget（或 curl）

wget "http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?war=file:/path/to/MyWar.war&path=/MyApp" -O -

回答by Christopher Schultz

Take a look at Tomcat's manager webapp. You can use the "text" interface to do things from the command-line. Tomcat even comes with some Apache Ant tasks that can deploy, undeploy, etc. for you.

看看 Tomcat 的manager webapp。您可以使用“文本”界面从命令行执行操作。Tomcat 甚至带有一些 Apache Ant 任务，可以为您部署、取消部署等。