问题：如何在Fedora 32/31/30/29上安装MySQL 5.7？ MySQL是基于结构化查询语言(SQL)的最健壮的生产级RDBMS。它的开发得到了Oracle Corporation的支持。凭借其可靠的可靠性，性能和易用性，MySQL已成为基于Web的应用程序的首选数据库选择。

一些使用MySQL的大包括Facebook，Twitter，YouTube等。 MySQL背后有一个庞大的用户社区，因此我们始终可以在需要时获得帮助。

在Fedora 32/31/30/29上安装MySQL 5.7

MySQL 5.7的软件包在Fedora的Oracle上游存储库中可用。使用特定于每个发行版的以下命令添加存储库。

将MySQL 8.0存储库添加到Fedora 32

sudo dnf -y install https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-fc32-1.noarch.rpm

将MySQL 8.0存储库添加到Fedora 31

sudo dnf -y install https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-fc31-1.noarch.rpm

对于Fedora 30：

sudo dnf -y install https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-fc30-1.noarch.rpm

对于Fedora 29：

sudo dnf -y install https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-fc29-2.noarch.rpm

上面的命令会将存储库内容添加到文件/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo中。

安装的默认软件包mysql-community-server是用于MySQL 8的。要在Fedora 32/31/30/29上安装MySQL 5.7.

禁用MySQL 8存储库：

sudo dnf config-manager --disable mysql80-community

然后为MySQL 5.7启用通道。

sudo dnf config-manager --enable mysql57-community

然后在Fedora上安装MySQL 5.7：

sudo dnf install mysql-community-server

按y键开始安装。

...........................................
Transaction Summary
Install  49 Packages
Total download size: 214 M
Installed size: 970 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y

也同意添加GPG密钥。

Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
 Userid     : "MySQL Release Engineering <theitroad@localhost>"
 Fingerprint: A4A9 4068 76FC BD3C 4567 70C8 8C71 8D3B 5072 E1F5
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Is this ok [y/N]: y

如果失败，请手动添加MySQL 5.7的存储库：

sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community-5.7.repo<<EOF
# Enable to use MySQL 5.7
[mysql57-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
EOF

然后在Fedora 32/31/30/29上安装MySQL 5.7：

sudo dnf config-manager --disable mysql80-community
sudo dnf config-manager --enable mysql57-community
sudo dnf install mysql-community-server

按Y键开始安装：

Transaction Summary
==================================================================================================================================================================
Install  48 Packages

Total download size: 213 M
Installed size: 914 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y

要查看已安装软件包的特定详细信息，请使用：

$rpm -qi mysql-community-server
Name        : mysql-community-server
Version     : 5.7.31
Release     : 1.el7
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: Mon 21 Sep 2017 10:33:07 AM UTC
Group       : Applications/Databases
Size        : 798880218
License     : Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Under GPLv2 license as shown in the Description field.
Signature   : DSA/SHA1, Wed 03 Jun 2017 10:08:07 AM UTC, Key ID 8c718d3b5072e1f5
Source RPM  : mysql-community-5.7.31-1.el7.src.rpm
Build Date  : Tue 02 Jun 2017 11:48:16 AM UTC
Build Host  : siv27.no.oracle.com
Packager    : MySQL Release Engineering <theitroad@localhost>
Vendor      : Oracle and/or its affiliates
URL         : http://www.mysql.com/
Summary     : A very fast and reliable SQL database server

在Fedora 32/31/30/29上配置MySQL 5.7.

2.1安装后，启动mysqld服务。

sudo systemctl enable --now mysqld.service

2.2复制生成的root用户随机密码：

sudo grep 'A temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log |tail -1

记下打印的密码：

2019-05-08T16:59:02.412078Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for theitroad@localhost: -gv9kyqud*,U

2.3启动MySQL安全安装以更改root密码，禁止远程root登录，删除匿名用户并删除测试数据库。

$sudo mysql_secure_installation
Securing the MySQL server deployment.
Enter password for user root:

使用我们生成的临时密码进行身份验证。这将要求我们为root用户设置新密码。

Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Yes

New password: 
Re-enter new password: 

Estimated strength of the password: 100 
Do you wish to continue with the password provided?: Yes

Remove anonymous users?: Yes
Success.

Disallow root login remotely? : Yes
Success.

Remove test database and access to it? : Yes
 - Dropping test database...
Success.
 - Removing privileges on test database...
Success.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes) : Yes
Success.

All done!

我们可以使用在线密码生成器来获取复杂的密码。

2.4以root用户身份连接到MySQL数据库并创建测试数据库。

$mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.31 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names Jan be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> SELECT VERSION();
+-----------+
| VERSION() |
+-----------+
| 5.7.31    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> \q
Bye

2.5创建测试数据库和用户：

mysql> CREATE DATABASE test_db;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)

mysql> CREATE USER 'test_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY "Strong34S;#";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON test_db.* TO 'test_user'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

可以通过运行以下命令删除该测试数据库和用户：

mysql> DROP DATABASE test_db;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)

mysql> DROP USER 'test_user'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> QUIT
Bye

配置防火墙

要允许远程连接，请在防火墙上允许端口3306

sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=mysql --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

我们还可以限制来自受信任网络的访问

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule 'rule family="ipv4" \
service name="mysql" source address="10.10.10.0/24" accept'